汉语流水句形成的语言类型学机制

Typological Mechanism of Formation of Chinese Paratactic Sentences

汉语流水句是一种没有关联标记的意合型复句,和以英语为代表的印欧语系相比,流水句是汉语中特有的句法形式。本文从英汉语言对比的视角,基于语言类型学的相关理论,通过实例语料分析,从汉语的形态类型、句法类型及主语类型多维度探求汉语流水句形成的内在机制。研究发现:汉语缺乏丰富的形态标记,主语和谓语并不是句子必要的构成成分,话题与谓语动词没有严格意义上的语法选择关系是流水句的形成的深层原因。

Chinese paratactic sentence is a type of compound sentence without connective marks.Compared with the Indo European language family represented by English,paratactic sentence is a unique syntactic form in Chinese.Based on English-Chinese comparison and relevant theories of language typology,this paper explores the internal mechanism of the formation of Chinese paratactic sentences from the perspective of morphology,syntax and subject in Chinese.It is found that there are three deep mechanisms for the formation of paratactic sentences:Chinese lacks rich morphological markers;the subject and predicate are not necessary components of a sentence;there is no strict grammatical requirement between topic and predicate.