2015—2020年汾渭平原大气污染物时空分布特征及人口暴露

Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics and Population Exposure of Air Pollution in the Fenwei Plain from 2015 to 2020

基于中国空气质量在线监测分析平台发布的PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO、O_(3)长期监测数据,采用统计分析、重心模型等方法探讨了2015—2020年汾渭平原3省11个地级市的6种大气污染物的时空变化特征,并结合各城市常住人口数据,评估了主要大气污染物PM_(2.5)和O_(3)的人口暴露数量。结果表明:(1)影响汾渭平原空气质量的主要污染物是PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、O_(3),而SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO污染程度并不明显。(2)各污染物均有明显的季节性特征,PM_(2.5)、PM_(10)、SO_(2)、NO_(2)、CO夏秋季节浓度较低、冬春季节浓度较高,峰值一般出现在1月份,最低值一般出现在7月份,而O_(3)浓度则表现出与上述污染物相反的季节特征。(3)空间上看,这6年来汾渭平原南部污染状况要比北部严重,PM_(2.5)的重心较为集中,O_(3)的重心分布较为分散。细粒子、移动源污染对平原的空气质量影响较大。(4)研究期内PM_(2.5)的人口暴露得到有效控制,暴露在O_(3)浓度超标情况下的人口呈上升趋势,O_(3)成为威胁汾渭平原空气质量的主要污染物。

Based on the long-term monitoring data for air pollutants(PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),NO_(2),CO,O_(3))released by China's air quality online monitoring and analysis platform,the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of these six air pollutants from 13 cities of Fenwei plain from 2015 to 2020 were analyzed by using statistical analysis and barycenter model.Combined with the urban resident population data,the quantity of population exposure to PM_(2.5)and O_(3)were evaluated.The results showed that:(1)The main air pollutants from Fenwei Plain were PM_(2.5),PM_(10)and O_(3),while the levels of SO_(2),NO_(2)and CO pollution were not obvious.(2)The obvious seasonal characteristics were shown in these six air pollutants.The concentrations of PM_(2.5),PM_(10),SO_(2),NO_(2),and CO were lower in summer and autumn and higher in winter and spring.The highest and lowest concentrations of these air pollutants generally occurred in January and July,respectively.While,the seasonal characteristics of O_(3)concentration were opposite to the mentioned air pollutants.(3)Spatially,the pollution situation in the southern regions was more serious than those in the northern regions from 2015 to 2020.The barycenter of PM_(2.5)was more concentrated,and the barycenter of O_(3)was relatively dispersed.The pollution of fine particles and mobile sources had a great impact on air quality of the plain.(4)During the study period,the population of Fenwei plain exposed to PM_(2.5)concentrations was effectively controlled,and the population exposed to excessive O_(3)concentrations gradually increased.Thus,O_(3)became the main pollutant threatening the air quality of Fenwei Plain.