疫苗新型佐剂的作用机制和研发进展综述

Research and mechanisms of action of novel vaccine adjuvants:a literature review

接种疫苗是预防传染性疾病的有效措施之一。灭活疫苗、亚单位疫苗、基因工程疫苗等大多存在抗原免疫原性弱的问题,需要添加佐剂以改善疫苗的免疫效果,因此,疫苗的佐剂配方是疫苗研发中非常关键的一部分。近年来,除了已在各类疫苗中广泛使用的铝佐剂外,许多新型佐剂被开发和应用。本文对MF59、Toll样受体激动剂、多糖、免疫刺激复合物、纳米生物佐剂、复合佐剂等新型佐剂的作用机制和研发进展进行了文献综述,为中国未来疫苗佐剂的研制和应用提供参考。

Vaccination is one of the most effective measures to prevent infectious diseases.Many inactivated vaccines,subunit vaccines,and genetically engineered vaccines have weak immunogenicity,and adjuvants are needed to improve their immune effects.Therefore,vaccine adjuvants and their formulation are key parts of vaccine research and development.In recent years,in addition to aluminum adjuvants,which are widely used in certain types of vaccines,many new adjuvants have been developed and are being used.In this article,we review the mechanisms of action and progress on research and development of novel adjuvants including MF59,Toll-like receptor agonists,polysaccharides,immunostimulatory complexes,nanobiologic adjuvants,and complex adjuvants to provide reference for future development and use of vaccine adjuvants in China.