马克思早期共产主义思想及当代启示——基于《1844年经济学哲学手稿》的文本解读

Marx’s Early Communist Thought and its Contemporary Enlightenment:Text Interpretation of Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844

《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的共产主义思想是马克思对共产主义的早期认识,侧重解释了“共产主义是什么”这个问题。马克思对国民经济学观点、粗鄙的共产主义思想、民主的或专制的共产主义思想进行分析与批判,在此基础上形成了较为全面深刻的早期共产主义思想。他从经济学和哲学的角度对共产主义思想进行了论证和阐发,认为共产主义是“私有财产即人的自我异化的积极扬弃”,是“对人的本质的真正占有”,是“自然主义和人道主义的完成”,是“对‘历史之谜’的解答”。在中国特色社会主义新时代,马克思早期共产主义思想仍然彰显其价值,它对私有财产本质进行正确定位,为生态文明建设提供价值指引,为人的全面发展提供目标追求,为理想信念教育提供理论依据。

The communist thought in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscript of 1844 represents Marx’s early comprehension of communism,focusing on explaining its definition.He analyzed and criticized the views of national economics,crude communism,democratic or autocratic communism,and upon this formed a more comprehensive and profound early communist thought.He demonstrated and elucidated the communist thought from the perspective of economics and philosophy,and believed that“communism as the positive transcendence of private property as human self-estrangement,and therefore as the real appropriation of the human essence by and for man”,“this communism,as fully developed naturalism,equals humanism,and as fully developed humanism equals naturalism”,and“communism is the riddle of history solved,and it knows itself to be this solution.”In the process of the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics in the New Era,Marx’s early communist thought still shows its value.It correctly defines the nature of private property,provides value guidance for the construction of ecological civilization,goal for the all-round development of people,and theoretical basis for the ideal and belief education.