湘南地区春露地苦瓜品种引进筛选试验

Introduction and Screening Test of Bitter Gourd Cultivars in Spring Open Field in Southern Hunan

为筛选出适合湘南中高海拔地区春季露地栽培的苦瓜品种,以本地主栽苦瓜品种蓝山苦瓜为对照,引进17个苦瓜新品种,调查各品种物候期、植株性状、商品果实性状、产量、抗热性、枯萎病和白粉病抗性。试验结果表明,粒条相间瘤类型品种中,闽研6号苦瓜生长势最强,抗热性好,田间表现抗白粉病,枯萎病抗性较好,折合每667 m^(2)产量2800.0 kg,比对照蓝山苦瓜(1427.0 kg/667 m^(2))增产96.2%,商品瓜颜色及果型等外观性状符合本地种植和消费习惯;条状瘤类型品种中,碧绿三号苦瓜折合每667 m^(2)产量2522.0 kg,比对照蓝山苦瓜(1427.0 kg/667 m^(2))增产76.7%,条状瘤苦瓜在湘南地区有部分消费市场,同时可作为外向型蔬菜供应粤港澳大湾区。闽研6号和碧绿三号苦瓜适合在湘南中高海拔地区春露地栽培和推广。

In order to screen out bitter gourd cultivars suitable for open field cultivation in spring in middle and high altitude areas of southern Hunan,17 new bitter gourd cultivars were introduced with local main bitter gourd cultivar Lanshan bitter gourd as the control.Phenological period,plant traits,commercial fruit traits,yield,heat resistance,Fusarium wilt and powdery mildew resistance of each cultivar were investigated.The results showed that Minyan No.6 had the strongest growth potential,good heat resistance,resistance to powdery mildew and fusarium wilt in the field.The yield of Minyan No.6 was 2800.0 kg/667 m^(2),which was 96.2%higher than that of Lanshan(1427.0 kg/667 m^(2)).The color and fruit shape of commercial melon were in line with local planting and consumption habits.Among the cultivars of stripe tumor type,the yield of Bilv No.3 was 2522.0 kg/667 m^(2),which was 76.7%higher than that of Lanshan(1427.0 kg/667 m^(2)).The stripe tumor bitter gourd has some consumer markets in southern Hunan,and can be used as an export-oriented vegetable to supply Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Minyan No.6 and Bilv No.3 were suitable for cultivation and promotion in spring open field in middle and high altitude areas of southern Hunan.