丝绸之路甘肃段汉代村落遗址空间分布及其影响因素

Spatial distribution and influencing factors of Han Dynasty village sites in the Gansu section of the Silk Road

运用历史文献分析法和GIS空间分析法对丝绸之路甘肃段汉代村落遗址空间分布及其影响因素复原与认识,并引入地理探测器进行单因子分析以更准确地探求各影响因子对村落遗址空间分布决定程度,进一步揭示区域内自然环境要素与人类自身活动之间的关系。结果表明:(1)该段392处汉代村落遗址总体呈现“大分散、小集聚”空间分布格局,且形成若干分布核心区。其中,今金塔县东沙窝一带是研究区域内村落遗址空间集聚度最高地区,密度可达3.036处∙(100km^(2))^(−1);(2)从微观层面看,村落遗址面积规模和文化层厚度数量均有较为明显的等级分布特点,大体呈“金字塔”型,且研究区域东、西部之间受地形地貌、生产方式、历史文化等影响存在一定差异性;(3)村落遗址濒水特征显著,且多分布在坡度<3°的黄土台地、丘陵及冲积平原、绿洲上。水源因子解释力远大于其他各因子,权重占比达28.80%,中心城邑、道路交通依次次之。水源是影响该区域村落遗址空间分布的主导因素。同时,不晚于汉代村落选址布局虽仍受水源等自然环境因素制约,人文社会诸要素对村落形成发展的影响作用却也日益凸显。

Background,aim,and scope The Gansu section of the Silk Road has attracted an enormous amount of academic attention in recent years,attributable to its rich research themes and multiplicity of research items.Nevertheless,a comprehensive analysis of the spatial distribution and development of historic village sites along the Silk Road in various eras and locations is lacking.Meanwhile,current accomplishments are primarily based on qualitative discussions of historical documents,with less extensive utilization of modern geography,other new discipline theories,and technical means for quantitative immediately in relevant research fields.Materials and methods In this paper,space distribution and influencing factors of Han Dynasty village sites in the Gansu section of the Silk Road are investigated via historical literary analysis and GIS spatial analysis.The geographical detectors for single-factor analysis are introduced to explore the impact level of each influence factor on the spatial distribution of the village sites more precisely.Besides,the relationship between the natural environment elements and human activities in the region is further revealed.Results The results showed that:(1)various distribution core areas are formed among the 392 Han Dynasty village sites in this section,which displays a spatial distribution pattern of“large dispersion and small agglomeration.”With a density of 3.036 sites·(100km_(2))^(−1),the Dongshawo area of Jinta County has the highest spatial concentration of village sites in the studied area.(2)The area scale of village sites and the thickness of the cultural layer have fairly clear hierarchical distribution features at the micro level,with a major form of a“pyramid.”Given the impact of topography,production mode,history,and culture,the eastern and western regions of the studied area have some variances from one another.(3)The majority of village sites distribute on loess tableland,hills,alluvial plains,and oases with a slope of less than 3°,which is adjacent to water.With 28.80%of the weight,water sources contribute far more than other factors,followed by core towns and road traffic factors.Discussion Unlike previous study findings,this paper is mainly based on the qualitative analysis of historical materials.Additionally,various factors that influence the occurrence and progression of events or events in historical periods are explored and elucidated.This paper focuses on scientifically and logically analyzing and processing historical documents and archaeological data to form a fundamental data source.Then it thoroughly employs modern new disciplinary theories and technologies to quantify,visualize,and digitally analyze the determination degree of the village site spatial distribution in the research region by various influencing factors.Finally,the most crucial driving factors are found.Generally speaking,this is a rather effective scientific research strategy to undertake,and it can yield particular scientific conclusions.Conclusions Water sources are crucial factors influencing the spatial distribution of village sites in this area.The effect of cultural and social factors on the formation and development of villages is increasingly pronounced,while natural conditions like water sources continue to restrict the site selection and layout of villages.Recommendations and perspectives Currently,research that relies mostly on published data from archaeological excavations remains insufficient.What is worse,there are certain restrictions on the original data information,which includes all kinds of cultural relics atlas,archaeological excavation reports,local cultural relics,and local chronicles.For instance,whilst the geographical space of each site can currently be determined,the precision of its spatial coordinates is still skewed.These initial conclusions must be further depicted and verified in the follow-up work.