论亚里士多德情感哲学的形成、发展与贡献

On the Development and Contributions of Aristotle's Philosophy of Emotions

亚里士多德情感哲学是希腊思辨精神发展的重要高峰,深刻地塑造了西方情感哲学传统的价值基础。亚里士多德情感思想的形成深受其师柏拉图的影响,特别是《理想国》中的心灵三分结构论对他具有重要的理论启发意义。然而,亚里士多德并不满意柏拉图脱离实践的理型式情感心灵理论,而是探寻一种投入政治社会生活的情感道德心理学与伦理学。虽然强烈的情感实践精神以及信仰指导下的理智德性塑造是亚里士多德区别于西方其他古典情感流派的独创之处,然而我们不应将其视作对柏拉图情感思想的完全背离,而应将其视作在承继柏拉图情感观的基础上对哲学家洞穴理想与拯救使命的现实回归。

As a summit of Greek dialectical spirit,Aristotle's conception of emotions shaped the moral values of western philosophical tradition.Influenced by Plato,Aristotle was inspired by the structural theory of the soul in The Republic.However,Aristotle was unsatisfied with his teacher's approach of eisos detaching from practical items.He pursued a new moral psychology of emotions in the social and political life.While discussing Aristotle's theory of the practice and the rational virtues of passions as a typical contribution to the western tradition,we can not treat it as a break-away with Plato's paradigm of emotions,but rather to understand it as the echoing of ideals reflected by their connection of the practice of salvation with the freedom from emotions in the cave metaphor.