道德的重要性:论李大钊思想当中的一个“潜流”

The lmportance of Morality:On an"Undercurrent"in Li Dazhao's Thought

李大钊在接受马克思主义之前,已有自己独特的思想底色。从文字生涯伊始,他就强调道德在政治活动中的重要性,从充分实现道德的普遍影响的角度来理解现代民主政治。他心目中的理想政治除了要保证民众的独立和自主,还具有道德共同体的特征,而后者能否实现,也关乎前者是否名副其实。随着对中国传统思想的进一步反思,以及受到一战期间中国知识界探索“新文明”的影响,李大钊也开始探索新的政治组织形式与文明形态。不过即便如此,他依然重视道德的重要性,所以他一度颇为青睐托尔斯泰的学说。十月革命爆发之后,李大钊相信俄国新的政治与经济组织形式及其背后的政治理想极有助于践行道德感,他之所以接受马克思主义,重要原因之一也是相信其政治主张具有鲜明的道德优越性。

Li Dazhao already had his own distinctive ideological underpinnings before embracing Marxism.From the beginning of his writing career,he emphasized the importance of morality in political activity and understood modern democratic politics from the perspective of the full realization of the universal influence of morality.The ideal politics he had in mind,in addition to ensuring the independence and autonomy of the people,also had the characteristics of a moral community.Whether the latter could be realized was also a matter of whether the former lived up to its name.As he further reflected on traditional Chinese thought and was influenced by his search for a"new civilization"in the Chinese intellectual community during the First World War,Li also began to explore new forms of political organization and civilization.But even so,he still valued the importance of morality,so he favored Tolstoy's doctrine for a time.After the outbreak of the October Revolution,Li believed that the new form of political and economic organization in Russia and the political ideals behind it were extremely helpful in practicing morality,and he accepted Marxism because he believed in the distinct moral superiority of its political ideas.