野生青檀根部真菌的群落组成及多样性

Community composition and diversity of fungi obtained from the root of wild Pteroceltis tatarinowii

为探究野生青檀根部真菌的群落组成及多样性,揭示青檀根际土壤真菌和根内生真菌的群落结构特征及两者之间的潜在联系,以安徽琅琊山野生青檀的根际土壤和根为研究对象,应用Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术对根际土壤真菌和根内生真菌的18 S rRNA基因ITS1-ITS2区进行测序,并进行相关性分析。结果表明,青檀根际土壤真菌群落由13门43纲109目258科521属组成,青檀根内生真菌由12门39纲96目217科409属组成。青檀根际土壤真菌和根内生真菌群落主要由子囊菌门和担子菌门组成,分别占71.80%、12.99%和65.16%、21.66%;粪壳菌纲为两者的最大优势菌纲,分别占26.11%和49.20%;根际土壤真菌和根内生真菌以柔膜菌目和未分类的粪壳菌纲为第一优势菌目,分别占15.74%和31.00%;属水平上,根际土壤真菌和根内生真菌以Mycoarthris和未分类的粪壳菌纲为第一优势菌属,分别占14.64%和31.00%,两个真菌群落菌属组成的相似性程度较高(Jaccard相似性系数为0.68)。青檀根际土壤真菌群落的多样性(Shannon指数为4.42,Simpson指数为0.11)高于根内生真菌群落(Shannon指数为3.11,Simpson指数为0.17)。Chao1和ACE指数表明两个群落之间的丰度差异显著(P<0.05)。相似性分析(ANOSIM)表明,青檀根际土壤和根内不同生态环境下的真菌群落组成差异显著(r=0.85,P<0.05),且组间差异显著大于组内各样品之间差异。野生青檀根际土壤真菌和根内生真菌组成丰富,两个群落之间既存在相似性,又存在明显差异。

The purpose of this study was to explore the composition and diversity of rhizosphere-soil and root-endophytic fungi of Pteroceltis tatarinowii and to reveal the potential relationship between these two fungal communities.Rhizosphere soil and healthy roots of wild Pteroceltis tatarinowii were collected from Langyashan,Anhui Province,China.Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence the 18 S rRNA gene ITS1-ITS2 region of the fungi from the rhizosphere soil and roots of Pteroceltis tatarinowii,and a correlation analysis was conducted based on the sequencing results.The rhizosphere-soil fungal community of Pteroceltis tatarinowii comprised 521 genera,258 families,109 orders,43 classes,and 13 phyla.The root-endophytic fungi of Pteroceltis tatarinowii were subsequently identified and classified into 409 genera,217 families,96 orders,39 classes,and 12 phyla.Both fungal communities were mainly composed of Ascomycota and Basidiomycota,accounting for 71.80% and 12.99% of the rhizosphere-soil fungi,respectively;whereas,Ascomycota and Basidiomycota accounted for 65.16% and 21.66% of the root-endophytic fungi,respectively.The dominant class was Sordariomycetes,accounting for 26.11% and 49.20% of rhizosphere-soil and root-endophytic fungi,respectively.The dominant order of rhizosphere-soil fungi was Helotiales(15.74%),and unclassified_Sordariomycetes(31.00%)was the dominant order of root-endophytic fungi.Mycoarthris and unclassified Sordariomycetes were the dominant genera of fungi in the rhizosphere soil(14.64%)and root-endophytic fungi(31.00%),respectively.Similarity between the two fungal communities was high at the genus level(Jaccard similarity coefficient=0.68).The diversity of the rhizosphere-soil fungal community in Pteroceltis tatarinowii(Shannon diversity index 4.42,Simpson diversity index 0.11)was higher than that of the root-endophytic fungal community(Shannon diversity index 3.11,Simpson diversity index 0.17).The Chao1 and ACE indices showed significant differences in abundance between the two communities(P<0.05).The ANOSIM test revealed significant differences in the composition between the rhizosphere-soil and root-endophytic fungal communities of Pteroceltis tatarinowii(r=0.85,P<0.05),and the difference between the groups was significantly greater than that among the samples within each group.The rhizosphere-soil and root-endophytic fungi of wild Pteroceltis tatarinowii were rich in composition and many similarities and differences were evident between the two communities.