从“新民”到“无产阶级新人”:中国近代思想家对国民性改造的理论贡献

From“New People”to“Proletarian New People”:Modern Chinese Thinkers'TTheoretical Contributions to Transformation of National Character

近代以降,面对中国积贫积弱之局,中国近代知识分子开始将“人”的问题和“国”的问题相提并论,特别强调“根柢在人”,认为富国强兵有赖于民族精神的复兴和民族特性的改造。为此,在思想文化领域掀起了一场广泛的改造国民性运动。在历经严复、梁启超“新民”思想后,在新文化运动时期开始向“新人”理论过渡,最终在马克思主义指导之下形成了“无产阶级新人观”,为新中国成立后的“新人”思想实践奠定了理论基础。

Since modern times,facing the situation of poverty and weakness in China,modern Chinese intellectuals began to relate the problem of“people”to the problem of“country,”e especially emphasizing that“it is rooted in people,”believing that enriching the country and strengthening the army depend on the revival of national spirit and the transformation of national character.Therefore,a large-scale movement to transform the national character has been launched in the field of ideology and culture.After Yan Fu and Liang Qichao's“new people”thought,it began to transition to the“new people”theory during the New Culture Movement,and finally formed the“view of proletarian new people”under the guidance of Marxism,which laid a theoretical and practical foundation for the e“newpeople” practice after the founding of the People's Republic of China.