“村改居”社区依法治理调查研究--以内蒙古呼和浩特市S村、D村为例

Investigation on Governance of“Village-To-Residence” Community in Inner Mongolia

党的十八届三中全会提出国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的时代命题。社会治理的创新实践以共建共治共享为治理图景,行政逻辑从管理型向治理型转变,以基层社会为法治建设重点单元,推进以人为核心的新型城镇化,在法律制度的有效供给下实现多元主体共同参与治理社会公共事务,共同分享社会发展成果。“村改居”社区是我国现行城乡二元结构下城镇化的重要载体,其治理水平高低业已成为衡量地区社会治理能力强弱的重要标准。本文通过参与观察、深度访谈、个案研究等方法进行“浸入”式田野调查,依据契约和治理等理论,以主位和客位两个角度及立场去解释“村改居”社区文化、治理方式,呈现内蒙古“村改居”社区依法治理的现状。“村改居”社区居民治理应加强党的领导,提升基本公共服务均等化水平;应加快立法进程,深化依法治国实践;应完善治理体制,推进基层民主政治建设;应发挥契约作用,创新优化治理体制;应立足民族地区实际,建构互嵌式治理模式;应以人民为中心,依法改制集体资产。对治理体制机制、社区公共服务和集体资产改制等以强制性规范的方式实现功能上的供给。

The Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the proposition of modernization of national governance system and governance capability.The innovative practice of social governance takes co-construction,co-governance and sharing as the governance principles,with the administrative logic changing from management to governance,taking the grassroots society as the key unit of the construction of the rule of law,and promoting the new urbanization with people as the core.Under the effective supply of the legal system,multiple subjects can participate in the governance of social public affairs and share the achievements of social development.“Village-to-residence”community is an important carrier of urbanization in the current urban-rural dual structure in China,and its governance level has become an important standard to measure regional social governance ability.Through participating in observation,in-depth interview,case study and other methods to conductt field investigation,this paper,according to theories of contracttand governance,explains the community culture and governance mode of“village-toresidence”from perspectives of main position and guest position,and objectively shows the current situation of the community governance of“village-to-residence”in Inner Mongolia according to law.“Village-to-residence”community governance should be in line with the Organic Law of the Urban Residents'Committee,but due to problems such as the unscientific disposal of collective assets in the community governance of"village-to-residence,"and the election still in accordance with the Organic Law of the Villagers Committee,there are the phenomena of“excessive governance”and“lazy governance”in some grassroots governments and“village-to-residence”communities.In order to guarantee the political and economic rights of residents of the“village-toresidence”community,it is suggested to formulate the“village-to-residence”communitygovernance regulations in Inner Mongolia with strong practicability and operability,so as to realize functional supply in a mandatory and normative way in terms of community governance mechanism,community public services and collective asset restructuring.