《文城》与《审判》中的“省略法”

The Ellipsis in Wencheng and The Trial

余华的《文城》引起人们争议的是情节的无逻辑性和缺乏与现实的共情力,其实这与卡夫卡《审判》中的“省略法”有许多相似之处。余华对卡夫卡“省略法”的借鉴表现为:章节与文本构成关联省略、“悖谬”省略及对“法”的多重意蕴的省略。但是,余华也有对此方法的创造性发展,尤其表现在“零因果”的逻辑中掺杂了现实的因果逻辑的省略法,在多义性意蕴中倾注对现实的关怀意识。“省略法”作为理解卡夫卡和余华艺术价值的重要方法,也可以为批驳余华缺乏逻辑、缺乏与现实共情的观点进行反驳。余华适时联系文化传统赋予“省略法”以适合中国文化土壤的表现形式,显示出余华对卡夫卡“省略法”的创造性运用。

Yu Hua's Wencheng has aroused controversy for its illogical plot and lack of empathy with reality.In fact,it has many similarities with the ellipsis in Kafka's The Trial.Yu Hua's reference to Kafka's‘ellipsis'includes:chapter and text formation correlation ellipsis,‘paradoxical'ellipsis and ellipsis of multiple meanings of‘law'.However,Yu Hua also developed this method creatively,especially in the ellipsis of‘zero causality'logic mixed with realistic causality logic,and in the polysemous implication poured the consciousness of concern for reality.As an important method to understand the artistic value of Kafka and Yu Hua,‘ellipsis'can also refute the argument that Yu Hua lacks logic and empathy with reality.Yu Hua duly connected with the cultural tradition to give'ellipsis'a form of expression suitable for the Chinese cultural soil,which shows Yu Hua's creative application of Kafka.