夏目漱石的伦理意识:人生实践与文学表现

Natsume Soseki's Ethical Consciousness:Life Practice and Works Expression

日本近代大文豪夏目漱石是一位伦理意识强烈的作家,他对文学与道德的内在关系、文学的伦理使命有着深刻的理论自觉,这种自觉贯穿他的人生和创作始终。在其精神世界始终存在着善恶是非的伦理选择和思考。结合夏目漱石生存时代的伦理环境,考察夏目漱石人生实践和文学创作的伦理选择,其具体表现为忧时伤世的伦理情怀、自然真诚的伦理品格和独立自由的伦理目标,这三个方面构成夏目漱石伦理意识的基本构架。但夏目漱石的伦理思考充满困惑,主要表现为社会伦理与个人伦理的冲突悖反,这在夏目漱石小说中的“三角婚恋模式”中表现得最为充分。夏目漱石的伦理困惑既是人生选择的艰难,也是传统文化与现代文明冲突的结果。

Natsume Soseki,a great writer in modern Japan,was a writer with a strong sense of ethics.He had a profound theoretical awareness of the internal relationship between literature and morality,and the ethical mission of literature,which run through his creation.In his spiritual world,there were always ethical choices and thoughts about good and evil,right and wrong.Combined with the ethical environment of Natsume Soseki's era of existence,the ethical choices of Natsume Soseki's life practice and literary creation were investigated,which were specifically manifested in the ethical feelings of worrying about the time and the world,the natural and sincere ethical character and the ethical goal of independence and freedom.These three aspects constitute Soseki's the basic structure of Soseki's ethical consciousness.But Natsume Soseki's ethical thinking is full of confusion,mainly manifested in the conflict and contradiction between social ethics and personal ethics,which was most fully expressed in the"triangular marriage model"in Natsume Soseki's novels.Natsume Soseki's ethical confusion was not only the difficulty of life choice,but also the result of the conflict between traditional culture and modern civilization.