钢铁冶金固废固化CO_(2)研究现状及趋势

Status and trends of steel metallurgical solid waste solidification CO_(2) research

随着全球工业化的进程加快,CO_(2)的排放量逐年上升,带来了越来越多的极端天气和环境灾害,而CO_(2)封存技术是目前实现碳中和公认的兜底技术。综述了以钢铁冶金固废为原料的CO_(2)矿化技术的发展现状和关键问题。首先,介绍了CO_(2)矿化的途径和原理,其中直接矿化的工艺条件需求较严格,固化CO_(2)的同时会消耗大量的资源,而间接矿化的反应条件则更加温和,效果也更加显著。然后,总结了最具代表性和可行性的钢铁冶金固废矿化技术,其中以NH_(4)Cl作为浸出剂的工艺路线由于具有溶剂循环使用和反应条件温和的双重优点而显示出最佳的工业化潜力。此外,基于对典型中试实验的经济性分析,原料资源方面等不是制约CO_(2)矿化技术工业化的主要原因,CO_(2)矿化过程的放大试验以及可循环浸出液的开发和经济评价体系的建立才是实现工业化的关键。

With the acceleration of global industrialization,the emission of carbon dioxide has been increasing year by year,bringing more and more extreme weather and environmental disasters.CO_(2) storage technology is currently recognized as a backup technology for achieving carbon neutrality.The development status and future trends of CO_(2) mineralization technology using steel metallurgical solid waste as feedstock were reviewed.Firstly,the pathways and principles of CO_(2) mineralization were introduced.The process conditions for direct mineralization are relatively strict,and the solidification of CO_(2) will consume a large amount of resources.However,the reaction conditions for indirect mineralization are more gentle and the effect is more significant.Then,the most representative and feasible technologies for solid waste mineralization in steel metallurgy were summarized,among which the process route using NH_(4)Cl as a leaching agent exhibits the best industrial potential due to its dual advantages of solvent recycling and mild reaction conditions.In addition,based on the economic analysis of typical pilot experiments,raw material resources and other factors are not the main constraints on the industrialization of CO_(2) mineralization technology.The key to achieving industrialization is the scale-up test of CO_(2) mineralization process,the development of recyclable leaching solution,and the establishment of an economic evaluation system.