中国多边主义的历史演进与叙事重构

The Historical Evolution and Narrative Reconstruction of Chinese Multilateralism

“百年未有之大变局”对改革开放以来中国奉行的多边主义路径带来了挑战,更新多边主义叙事、调整优化中国外交布局,是中国适应时代之变的应然选择。理解中国多边主义,需要从近代以来中国对外交往的长期历史特别是历史本体的变化中,考察多边主义在中国的发生和中国的多边主义传统,特别是在价值理念、政治目标、政治议程、实践路径等方面的普遍性与特殊性。清朝崩溃之后中国面临的一系列危机,是当时世界性问题在中国的表现。在建构国际统一战线、帮助中国走出近代危局和重建国家的过程中,中国产生了基于自身经历的多边主义经验,体现在孙中山与苏联的合作、中国共产党参与共产国际的多边网络、国民政府抗战时期的大国多边外交以及中国政治力量对周边国家去殖民化运动的支持等方面。多边主义在中国的缘起,服务于“打倒帝国主义”的政治目标和破解中心—边缘的国际等级秩序,其中政党跨国合作与政府外交都发挥了重要作用,其实践推进了中国问题与世界问题的互解,在成功化解国家危机的同时,也帮助世界维护和平、促进去殖民化进程。在不同时期,中国多边主义随国内外环境条件的变化而有所侧重,而维护国家独立自主、主权安全和促进国际秩序公平正义,高度重视与发展中国家的合作,始终是其基本价值追求、政治目标和推进路径。当今中国更应重视这一传统并在此基础上推陈出新,为世界和平与人类共同发展做出更大贡献。

"Great changes not seen in a century"have brought challenges to the path of multilateralism that China has taken since the reform and opening up.Updating the narratives of multilateralism and adjusting and optimizing China's diplomatic layout are necessary choices for China to adapt to the changing times.To understand China's multilateralism,we need to examine the origin and the tradition of multilateralism in China,with a special focus on the universality and particularity of values,political goals,political agenda,and practice paths,from the long-term history,especially from the changes in the historical noumenon,of China's foreign exchanges since the beginning of modern times The series of crises faced by China after the collapse of the Qing Dynasty were a manifestation of the global problems of that time in China.In the process of building an international united front to help China out of the crises and rebuilding its country,China gained knowledge of multilateralism based on its own experience,which was reflected in Sun Yat-sen's cooperation with the Soviet Union,the CPC's participation in the multilateral network of the Communist International,the Kuomintang government's multilateral diplomacy of major countries during the Anti-Japanese War,and the support of China's political forces for the decolonization movement of neighboring countries.The origin of multilateralism in China served the political goal of'overthrowing imperialism'and reshaping the international hierarchical order on the dichotomy of center/peripheral countries.International party-to-party cooperation and inter-governmental diplomacy have played an important role.Its practice promoted mutual solution of China's problems and the world's problems,resolving national crises while helping the world maintain peace and promote the process of decolonization.Even though China's multilateralism had different focuses at different times with changes in domestic and foreign conditions,maintaining national independence,sovereignty and security,promoting international order fairness and justice,and valuing cooperation with developing countries have always been its fundamental value pursuit,political goals,and path of advancement.Today,China should keep this tradition to innovate,and make greater contributions to world peace and common development of mankind.