礼义与生死:"志士不忘在沟壑"再辩正——与樊波成先生商榷

Etiquette and Righteousness and Life and Death:The Re-arguing of"A Man with Lofty Ideals Never Forgets that His Death may be in a Ditch"--Discussion with Mr.Fan Bocheng

《孟子》"志士不忘在沟壑,勇士不忘丧其元"一语,历来注家均取舍生取义的解读.樊波成先生《志士不忘在沟壑:儒家的守官思想》一文则认为"忘"当破读为"妄",孟子此言意在爱生重死,并与儒家"守官"思想相关.本文通过词义训诂、《孟子》文本及思想史等方面的考察,认为:1."忘"破读为"妄"缺乏必要的内证,且与文意不合;2.《孟子》"不忘在沟壑"的本质是对"义"的内在体认;3.虞人事件创设了生死之际的紧张语境,在生与义的抉择中寄寓了"义"的坚守.《孟子》"志士不忘在沟壑"句与春秋战国之际礼崩乐坏、士人在风雨飘摇之中思考重心由"守礼"转向"守义"的时代现实有关."志士不忘在沟壑"句的解读,仍当从赵岐、朱熹等旧说为是.

Mencius said,"A man with lofty ideals never forgets that his death may be in a ditch,and a man of valor never forgets that he may lose his head."Historically,annotators used"sacrificing their lives for righteousness"to unscramble it.But A Man with Lofty Ideals Never Rushes to Die Unnecessarily:The Confucian Idea of"Keeping to One's Official Duties"of Mr.Fan Bocheng holds that"忘"should be read as"妄",and Mencius's original meaning is'not to lose one's life at will",reflecting the"keeping to one's official duties"thought.Examining the meaning of words,the text of Mencius and the history of thought,the conclusions of this paper are as follows:1."忘"is read as"妄",which lacks necessary internal evidence and is inconsistent with the meaning of the text.2.The essence of"never forgets that his death may be in a ditch"is the internal recognition for righteousness.3.Yu Ren Event creates the tense context of life and death,which is mentioned for the adherence to righteousness between the choice of life and righteousness."Never forgets that his death may be in a ditch"is relevant to the reality of the Spring and Autumn Period when ceremony and etiquette were falling,and scholars'thinking focused shifted from obeying of etiquette to righteousness.This chapter should be unscrambled according to notes of Zhao Qi and Zhu Xi.