骨类器官的构建及应用进展

Advances in the Construction and Application of Bone Organoids

骨骼疾病如骨质疏松、骨关节炎等已成为重要的人类健康问题,需要更深入地了解相关疾病的发病机制并开发更有效的治疗方法。由于2D细胞培养和动物实验等常规研究方法的局限性,近年来发展的类器官技术受到了极大关注。类器官作为干细胞衍生的自组织3D细胞簇,可以在体外更真实地模拟组织器官的复杂结构和生物功能。目前间充质干细胞、多能干细胞等衍生的骨类器官已逐步建立,不仅为疾病建模、药物筛选和生理病理基础研究提供了良好平台,还有望为骨缺损修复带来新希望。现对不同骨类器官模型的构建及主要应用进行概述,同时讨论了骨类器官培养面临的挑战,并对其未来发展进行展望,为构建结构功能更完善的骨类器官并将其应用于生物医学研究提供参考。

Bone diseases,such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis,have become a serious human health hazard,making it imperative to further understand the pathogenesis of related diseases and develop more effective treatments.Due to the limitations of conventional research methods such as two⁃dimensional cell culture and animal experiments,the organoid technology that emerged in recent years has attracted tremendous attention.As self⁃organized 3D clusters derived from stem cells,organoids can recapitulate the complex structure and biological function of tissues or organs in vitro.Until now,bone organoids generated from mesenchymal stem cells,pluripotent stem cells and other cell sources have been gradually established,which not only provides an excellent platform for disease modeling,drug screening as well as fundamental research of physiology and pathology,but also raises new hope for repairing bone defects.This review summarizes the construction and main applications of various bone organoid models.The challenges faced by organoid cultivation and future development prospects are also discussed,so as to provide reference for the construction and biomedical application of bone organoids with more perfect structure and functions.