人源肝脏类器官的研究及应用进展

Research and Applications of Human Liver Organoids:Progress and Developments

肝脏是人体的主要代谢器官,在维持人体内环境稳态过程中起着关键调控作用。近年来,肝脏疾病严重威胁着人类健康,然而使用目前体外培养的细胞系和体内动物模型均无法深入揭示人肝脏疾病的发病机制,探索出有效潜在治疗靶点。人源肝脏类器官(human liver organoids,HLOs)是从人源细胞经体外3D分化培养得到的细胞团,能在体外模拟人肝脏的结构和功能,为人们理解肝脏生理结构、体外模拟肝脏疾病和开发治疗肝脏疾病药物提供了新模型。总结近年来具有代表性的HLOs模型的建立策略及应用,探讨目前HLOs模型存在的缺陷,以期为推动HLOs向临床应用提供参考。

The liver is the major metabolic organ in the body and it plays a crucial regulatory role in maintaining homeostasis.In recent years,liver diseases have seriously threatened human health.However,the in vitro cultured cell lines or in vivo animal models cannot thoroughly reveal pathogenesis of human liver diseases and explore potential therapeutic targets effectively.Human liver organoids(HLOs),which are cell clusters differentiated from human cells through 3D culture in vitro,can mimic the structures and functions of the human liver in vitro.HLOs provide a new model for understanding the physiological structures and functions of the liver,simulating liver diseases in vitro,and exploring drugs for liver disease treatment.This review summarizes establishment strategies and applications of HLO models in recent years,and also discusses the defects of these models,which aim to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical applications of HLOs.