命运共同体视角下海洋权益的失衡纠偏

Correcting Imbalance of Maritime Rights and Interests from the Perspective of a Maritime Community of Shared Future

党的二十大报告要求维护海洋权益、维护国际公平正义、加快构建人类命运共同体。海洋权益分配是全球海洋治理的重要内容,既有海洋治理体系存在国家间海洋权益失衡问题,其根源在于海洋权益的初始分配规则使得海岸线长、经济与科技发达的国家享有更多权益。国际社会共同体意识不足,多国过度扩张本国海洋权益加剧了海洋权益纠纷。海洋公平具有时间维度和空间维度两个向度,可引入共同但有区别责任原则下的强制惠益分享制度,对海洋权益失衡予以纠偏。海洋惠益分享可实行货币形式和非货币形式双线并行路径,并注重开展惠益分享透明度建设。我国在国际社会倡导海洋惠益分享制度,有助于落实党的二十大报告提出的目标,助力全方位开展中国特色大国外交。

The report of the 20th CPC National Congress requires safeguarding maritime rights and interests,maintain-ing international fairness and justice,and accelerating the establishment of a Community of Shared Future for Man-kind.The allocation of maritime rights and interests is an important content of global ocean governance,but the es-tablished ocean governance regime is imbalanced among countries.The root of the imbalance in maritime rights allo-cated is that the initial allocation rules allow countries with long coastlines and advanced countries could gain more maritime rights.The lack of community awareness in the international community,and the excessive expansion of na-tional maritime rights in each country have increased conflicts on maritime rights.Ocean equity has two dimensions:time dimension and space dimension.A benefit-sharing institution under the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities can be introduced to correct the imbalance of ocean equity.The marine benefit-sharing institution can be implemented in a dual path of monetary and non-monetary forms,and have to focus on transparency.Advocating the ocean benefit-sharing system in the international community will help implement the goals set forth in the 20th CPC National Congress,and help China accelerate major country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics.