60年来港工混凝土施工规范发展状况及几点建议

Development status and some recommendations for code of port concrete construction in 60 years

60年前,中华人民共和国交通部批准了部颁标准(试行)JTB 2003—63《港工混凝土技术规范》,开创了规范化港工建筑物安全性、适用性和耐久性的施工技术要求,其中就已提出耐久性要求的指标,而且在混凝土配合比设计时提出最大水灰比的要求,已初步显示出“强度-耐久性”并重的现代混凝土设计理念。提高结构耐久性一直是百年大计甚至千年大计追求的目标,施工规范一般从原材料、配合比设计、混凝土施工及特殊混凝土施工等方面进行了规定。仅从提高抗冻融性和抗开裂性方面,进行回顾分析。引气是提高北方港工混凝土抗冻融性的基本措施,掺膨胀剂和纤维是减少或避免导致结构劣化的开裂以保证混凝土结构耐久性的可选措施,其应用技术不断发展和逐步列入规范,提高了施工质量,延长了港工混凝土结构的使用寿命。

Sixty years ago,the Ministry of Communications of the People s Republic of China approved the ministerial standard(trial)JTB 2003-63 Technical Specification for Concrete in Port Construction,which created the construction specification requirements to ensure the safety,suitability and durability of port construction buildings,among which the durability requirement was put forward,and the requirement of maximum water-cement ratio was put forward in the design of concrete mix ratio.It showed the modern concrete design concept of“strength-durability”.Improving the durability of the structure is always the goal of a hundred years or even a thousand years.The construction specifications are generally stipulated from the aspects of raw materials,mix ratio design,concrete construction and special concrete construction.The review analysis is carried out in this paper only from the improvement of freeze-thaw resistance and cracking resistance.Air-entraining is the basic measure to improve the freeze-thawing resistance of the northern port concrete,and the expansion agent and fiber are the optional measures to reduce or avoid the cracking that leads to structural deterioration to ensure the durability of the concrete structure.Its application technology is developed and gradually included in the specification,which improves the construction quality and prolongs the service life of the harbor concrete structure.