粉末冶金法制备高性能ODS合金研究进展

Study on preparation of high-performance ODS alloy via powder metallurgy

氧化物弥散强化合金是核反应堆材料中最具有应用前景的材料之一。得益于在金属基体中引入了大量分布均匀的纳米氧化物,该合金具有良好的高温力学性能。同时,在ODS Fe基合金中加入一定比例的Cr和Al,会使合金的耐蚀性能大幅度提升。由于采用粉末冶金法制备的ODS合金的综合性能优于熔炼法,因此近年来主要用粉末冶金法制备ODS合金。系统的总结了最近国内外多种合金粉体的制备和烧结工艺,其中包括采用机械合金化、内氧化法以及水热-冷冻干燥法制备合金粉体;采用热等静压、粉末锻造以及放电等离子烧结制备合金块体,同时对各种制备工艺目前的研究现状和存在的问题进行了阐述,旨在为制备综合性能优良的先进ODS合金提供参考。

Oxide dispersion strengthened alloy was one of the most promising materials in nuclear reactor materi‐als.Thanks to the addition of a large number of evenly distributed nano oxides into the metal matrix,the alloy had good high-temperature mechanical properties.At the same time,ODS Fe matrix alloy adding a certain pro‐portion of Cr and Al that will greatly improve the corrosion resistance.Since the comprehensive performance of ODS alloy prepared by powder metallurgy was better than that of melting method,ODS alloy was mainly pre‐pared by powder metallurgy in recent years.This paper systematically summarized the recent preparation and sin‐tering processes of various alloy powders,including the preparation of alloy powders by mechanical alloying,in‐ternal oxidation and hydrothermal-freeze drying,and the preparation of alloys by hot isostatic pressing,powder forging and spark plasma sintering.At the same time,in order to provide reference for the preparation of ODS al‐loys with excellent comprehensive properties,the current research results and existing problems of preparation processes were expounded.