考虑高速公路主线收费通道引导信息面向对象的驾驶人换道行为研究

Research on Driver's Lane-changing Behavior Considering Guidance Object Information of Highway Mainline Toll Channel

交通运输部的电子收费(ETC)推广行动大大提升了高速公路ETC车辆比例,高速主线出口ETC收费通道数量也超过了人工收费通道(MTC)数量,ETC通道靠左设置的规则让MTC车辆需要提前换道进入收费广场才不会与ETC车辆产生冲突。为了验证以ETC车辆为引导对象和以MTC车辆为引导对象对驾驶人换道行为的影响,设计了3种高速公路主线收费通道引导信息方案:现状引导方案(OR)、部分MTC引导标志方案(PMS)和完整MTC引导标志方案(CMS)。试验分2个阶段,第1阶段验证在无交通流下,引导方案对于驾驶行为的影响,并评价得出效益最优的方案;第2阶段在选取现状和效益最优方案基础上,添加高流量及低流量的交通环境,验证优化后引导方案的可行性。2个阶段均利用广义估计方程分析不同引导方案下的换道行为特征,第1阶段构建熵权TOPSIS模型综合评价不同方案,并得出最优的引导方案用以第2阶段分析。结果表明:完整MTC引导方案(CMS)最符合ETC车辆高比例的现状,可以明显缩短MTC车辆换道响应时间,换道过程更加平稳、安全,从而避免MTC车辆在收费广场内与主线ETC车辆发生冲突,提高道路的通行能力。部分MTC引导方案的双重互斥信息给驾驶人造成了负面干扰,其对驾驶人提前换道的功效甚至不如现状引导方案。研究结果对高速公路设计者及相关部门优化当前引导系统,提高收费站的交通安全及效率具有一定意义。

The electronic toll collection(ETC)promotion by the Ministry of Transport of China has greatly increased the proportion of highway ETC vehicles,and the number of highway mainline exit ETC toll lanes has exceeded the number of manual toll lanes(MTC).With the ETC lanes located on the left-hand side of the road,MTC vehicles need to change lanes in advance to enter the toll plaza to avoid interrupting ETC vehicles.To determine the influence of different type of vehicles(ETC and MTC)as the guidance objects on drivers'lane-changing behavior,this paper designed three kinds of highway mainline toll lane guidance information plans:the original guidance plan(OR),partial MTC guidance sign plan(PMS),and complete MTC guidance sign plan(CMS).The experiment was divided into two phases.In the first phase,the influence of the guidance plans on the driving behavior without the traffic flow was verified and the plan with optimal benefits was evaluated;in the second phase,high-and low-traffic-flow environments were considered based on the original guidance plan and the optimal benefit plan to verify the feasibility of the optimized guidance scheme.In both phases,generalized estimating equations were used to analyze the characteristics of the lane changing behavior under different guidance plans,and the entropy-weighted technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution(TOPSIS)model was constructed in the first phase to comprehensively evaluate different plans and derive the optimal guidance plan for the second phase analysis.The results show that the complete MTC guidance plan performs the best in the situation of high proportion of ETC vehicles,significantly shortening the reaction time of MTC vehicles changing lanes and rendering the lane changing process more stable and safer,thus avoiding conflicts between MTC vehicles and mainline ETC vehicles in the toll plaza and improving the road capacity.The double mutually exclusive information of the partial MTC guidance plan causes negative interference to the drivers and is even less effective than the original guidance plan for drivers to change lanes in advance.The research results is important for highway designers and related departments to optimize the current guidance system and improve traffic safety and efficiency at toll plazas.