“文道”而“天道”:“艺道”之视域及其生命质地——基于唐宋艺术哲学思想探究

From Cultural Dao to Celestial Dao:Diachronic Perspective on Traditional Chinese Artistic Dao and Its Aesthetic Spirit Based on the Artistic Philosophy of the Tang-Song Dynasties

“道”是中国艺术之本体,“艺道”、“文道”之论贯穿于中国古代的艺术哲学思想。“艺道”首先是在“文道”之视域,古代之“文”非现代学科之文学,而是涵纳天地万物之纹理、文饰、文德、文章之文,此经刘勰之“文”的多层阐发,凸显了“文”之“人文”和宇宙天地的旨趣;儒家之艺道经唐韩愈、柳宗元倡“文以明道”至宋而明确,周敦颐、二程和朱熹等将“艺”经“文”提升到“天理”之视域,不仅根植以仁道,亦内植以自然;儒道释三教融合中的欧阳修、苏轼等文人赋予“道”宇宙大生命的自然特质,依此建构“执道为本”、“有道有艺”之“道通为一”的艺道观。因此,“文道”之“艺道”最终体现为文艺之天地大道,其内核便是宇宙万物生生之精神,此博远于历代,辉焕于当代。

Tao is the tenor of Chinese art and the theory of Art-Tao(Yidao)and literature-Tao(Wendao)runs through the ancient Chinese artistic philosophy.Art-Tao is first in the field of literature-Tao,and the ancient“literature”does not mean the literature in the sense of modern disciplines,but the texture,the decoration,the literary virtue,and the article,which contain all things of the universal.This highlights the humanity of Wen and the purport of the universe through the multi-layer analysis of Liu Xie s Wen.HanYu and Liu Zongyuan in Tang Dynasty advocated the concept of“Wen to comprehend Tao”,and it is made clear in Song Dynasty.Zhou Dunyi,Chenghao,Chengyi and Zhuxi ascend“Art”to the perspective of“Tian-Li”through“Wen”.This kind of Art is not only rooted in Ren-Dao(benevolence),but also in nature.In the fusion of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism,Ouyang Xiu,Su Shi and other literati endowed Tao with the natural characteristics of great-life in the universe,based on which they constructed the concept of Tao is One,containing Tao-based,Art-Tao merged ideas.Therefore,the Art-Tao of Wen-Tao is ultimately embodied in the Great-Tao of the universe,and its core is the spirit of“Creation-Creation”of the universe,which is far from the past,and bright in the contemporary era.