本土知识与民间文化的融合实践——河套地区羊皮鞣制技艺的人类学考察

Integration Practice of Local Knowledge and Folk Culture-Anthropological Investigation of Sheep‐skin Tanning Techniques in Hetao Area

民间传统手工技艺中丰富的物质文化与本土知识在不同历史时期潜移默化地形塑着区域文化。智慧、双手与时间创造出的鞣皮技艺,是人类掌握的古老手工技艺之一,在我国西北尤其是河套地区已有百年传承史。皮匠家族依靠严密的传承谱系和口传心授的方法,在代代传承中使该项技艺与区域自然环境和历史文化气质不断融合,并定型为历史性、区域性、民族性兼具的优秀传统民间手工技艺文化,既根植于日常生活,又深藏于区域社会,成为本土知识与民间文化互构互嵌的典型实践。

The rich material culture and local knowledge in folk traditional handicrafts have subtly shaped regional culture in different historical periods.The art of tanning leather,created with wisdom,hands and time,is one of the oldest crafts mastered by mankind.It has been inherited for a hundred years in Northwest China,especially in Hetao region.Relying on the strict genealogy of inheritance and the method of oral and heart-to-heart teaching,the cobbler family has continuously integrated this skill with the regional natural environment and historical and cultural temperament from generation to generation,and shaped it into an excellent traditional folk handicraft culture with historical,regional and national characteristics.It is not only rooted in daily life,but also deeply embedded in the regional society.Thus it has become a typical practice of mutual construction and embedding of local knowledge and folk culture.