山的文化逻辑:苍山与山地人群互构的精神世界

The Cultural Logic of Mountains:The Mutually Constructed Spiritual World of Cangshan Mountain and Local People

在大理苍山上下,山地人群与苍山不断互构,逐渐在当地文化中形成一个依山而筑的精神世界。人们依其与先辈世代联结、与同代交互往来;“苍山之灵”,通过“生死路”在各村落中的山神庙中得以具象化,带给山地人群永恒的丰产与福泽,构成人与山互动的既定秩序,维系地方社会的安定与和谐。经由“文明下山”的实践,山地人群建构了与精神世界相契合的文化逻辑。概言之,人们通过对生死观念、山神信仰的实践与苍山不断互动,最终使得山与盆地在人们的精神层面合为一个完整的“他界”。由此,山既可视为连接天地、构造整体空间之轴,也可视为地方社会的秩序之轴。

In the Erhai region,the local people have gradually formed a spiritual world in the continuous mutual construction with the Cangshan Mountain.In this area people are connected with their ancestors and interact with each other from generation to generation.the spirit of the Cangshan Mountain,through the“Road of Living and Death,”is visualized in the temples of the mountain gods in the villages,which brings eternal abundant products and blessings to the local people.An order of interaction between the people and the mountain,and maintains has been established,and maintains the stability and harmony of the local society.Through the practice of“civilization descending”,local people have constructed a cultural logic that is compatible with the spiritual world.In short,through the practice of the concepts of living and death and the belief in mountain gods,people con‐stantly interact with the Cangshan Mountains,which ultimately makes the mountains and the basin merge into a complete“other realm”in the people’s spiritual level.In this way,mountains can be regarded as the axis that connects heaven and earth and constructs the whole space,as well as the axis of order in the local society.