宁波市生活垃圾管理实践改进研究

Improving municipal solid waste management practices in Ningbo

以中国东南部宁波市作为研究对象,采用参与式观察法和半结构化面对面访谈法全面研究中国城市生活垃圾(MSW)管理情况,然后利用Wasteaware模型对垃圾管理实践排名.结果表明:我国宁波市MSW的回收率、回收质量和治理因素的排名均不高,美国旧金山市计量收费(PAYT)项目、材料回收设施(MRF)和德国明斯特市双轨(DSD)系统值得借鉴,可改善回收流程存在的非正式性,增加居民分类行为和财务的可持续性.宁波市大型多户建筑普遍,统一费率更易实施,实行PAYT需开发可溯源的堆肥袋、垃圾箱,以接受监督并严格执法;MRF与正规人工分类结合能更好的提高回收率;实行DSD会增加塑料企业至少3%~5%的支出,需政府发挥主导作用.将MSW分类行动内化为道德规范甚至社会规范,且地方政府根据居民意愿提供持续性支持,对形成良性循环至关重要.

Ningbo,a city in southeastern China,was selected as the research city.The participant observation method and semistructured face-to-face interviews were used to get a comprehensive understanding of municipal solid waste(MSW)management in the Chinese city,followed by Wasteaware model to rank the waste management practices.The results showed that the recycling rate,recycling quality and governance factors of MSW were not ranked high in Ningbo City.San Francisco’s pay-as-you-throw(PAYT)program and material recovery facility(MRF),as well as Munster's duales system deutschland(DSD)system,should be studied.The informality that exists in the recycling process can be improved,and residential sorting behavior along with financial sustainability can be increased.In Ningbo,large multifamily buildings are more prevalent,which make a flat rate easy to implement.PAYT need further development of source traceable compostable bags/bins to be supervised and strictly enforced laws.The combination of MRF and formal manual sorting will give a better recovery rate.In Ningbo,DSD may enhance at least 3%~5%excess expense of a plastic enterprise,which need government take the leading role.Ningbo needs more time to internalize MSW sorting action as moral norms even as social norms.In addition,the continuous delivery of the results expected by the residents of local government is essential to create a virtuous cycle.