资本生产条件批判与生态学社会主义——《自然的理由》与马克思主义生态学的第二种逻辑

Criticism of Capital Production Conditions and Ecological Society—“Reason of Nature”and the Second Logic of Marxist Ecology

马克思主义与生态学并不是对立的。面对生态学问题,历史唯物主义一方面需要向外延伸到自然界中,看到自然或“第二自然”对人类历史产生的作用;另一方面也需要向内延伸,即要看到人类在生物学上的变化以及社会化了的人类自身的再生产,会对自然界的历史产生巨大影响。资本主义生态危机主要在于资本主义生产条件再生产的危机,只有生态学社会主义才能解决这一危机。传统的社会主义主要专注于资本的生产与再生产过程,生态学社会主义则更关注生产条件的生产与再生产,这是对生产力的生产与再生产的社会批判,是对资本逻辑的根本性批判,只有在这一批判中,才能走出生态学危机,走出资本主义危机。

Marxism and ecology are not opposite.Faced with ecological problems,historical materialism needs to extend outward into the natural world to see the role that nature,or“second nature,”has played in human history,but also inward,that is,to see the changes in human biology and the social reproduction of human beings themselves,which will have a huge impact on the history of the natural world.The ecological crisis of capitalism mainly lies in the crisis of the reproduction of capitalist production conditions,which can only be solved by ecological socialism.While traditional socialism focuses on the production and reproduction of capital,ecological socialism focuses more on production and reproduction,which is social criticism of the production and reproduction of productive forces.Only in this criticism can we walk out of the ecological crisis and the crisis of capitalism.