清末新疆中俄贸易的双重性及其影响——基于中俄新疆通商类条约的分析

The Duality of the China-Russia Trade on the Xinjiang Region and Its Influence in the Late Qing Dynasty:An Analysis Based on the China-Russia Commercial Treaty

19世纪中期中俄签订的关于新疆的通商条约,一方面是迎合资本主义全球配置资源的需求,另一方面带有极强的侵略性质。这种双重性一方面增加了新疆的进出口贸易额,带动了新疆经济的繁荣;另一方面造成了新疆贸易结构低端锁定困境,限制了当地手工业和制造业的进一步发展,在参与全球贸易的大潮中沦为原料供应地、廉价劳动力输出地和工业品倾销地。本文通过追溯清末新疆中俄通商类条约产生背景的双重性及其造成的贸易双重性影响,认为在对外贸易中,中国一方面要加快科技研发,避免沦为全球价值分工的低端环节,另一方面要致力于推动全球贸易的公平交易,促进世界各国经济均衡发展。

The China-Russia commercial treaty on the Xinjiang Region in the Mid-19 th Century was aimed to meet the needs of global resources allocation of capitalism,and it also presented aggressive nature.The duality exerted dual influences on Xinjiang.On one hand,it increased the import and export trade volume,thriving regional economic development.On the other hand,it locked the trade structure in a low end,restricting further development of local handicraft and manufacturing industries.and thus,Xinjiang was characterized by raw material supply,cheap labor outputs,and industrial products selling.In this study,we trace the dualities of both the backgrounds of the commercial treaty and also the influences on the local trades.We argue that in the development of foreign trade,China needs to accelerate R&D to avoid becoming the low end of global value division,and also devote to fair global trade to promote balanced world economic development.