生物质衍生碳/MnO_(2)复合材料在超级电容器中的应用进展

Application progress of biomass-derived carbon/MnO_(2) composites in supercapacitors

超级电容器具有充放电速度快、能量密度高、循环稳定性好等优点,而电极材料决定超级电容器的电化学性能。可再生生物质经过高温炭化可制备不同微观结构的碳材料,然而,这些碳材料存在比容量低的缺点;MnO_(2)具有高理论比电容,缺点是循环稳定差。生物质衍生碳与MnO_(2)复合可以实现两者优势互补。首先介绍了生物质衍生碳/MnO_(2)复合材料的制备方法,包括化学法、水热法和电沉积法。然后,按照不同生物质衍生碳的微观结构进行分类,综述了多孔碳/MnO_(2)、碳球/MnO_(2)、碳纤维管/MnO_(2)、碳纳米片/MnO_(2)和三维碳/MnO_(2)复合材料的制备及在超级电容器中的应用性能。最后,总结了综合性能最优的生物质衍生碳/MnO_(2)复合材料,并针对该领域存在的问题提出了其未来发展方向。

Supercapacitors have the advantages of fast charge and discharge process,high energy density and excellent cycling stability.The electrode material decides the electrochemical performance of supercapacitors.Renewable natural biomass materials can be carbonized to prepare various carbon materials.However,these carbon materials have low specific capacitance.MnO_(2) has a high theoretical specific capacitance but poor cycling stability.The hybridization of biomass-derived carbon with MnO_(2) would integrate the advantages of two materials.In this review,the preparation methods of biomass-derived carbon/MnO_(2) composites were introduced firstly,including chemistry method,hydrothermal method and electrodeposition method.Then,according to the microstructure of different biomass-derived carbon materials,the preparation and application performances in supercapacitors of porous carbon/MnO_(2),carbon sphere/MnO_(2),carbon fiber tube/MnO_(2),carbon nanosheet/MnO_(2) and three-dimensional carbon/MnO_(2) composites were reviewed in detail.Finally,the biomass-derived carbon/MnO_(2) composite with the best comprehensive performance was summarized.Aiming to the existing problems in this field,the future research trends of biomass-derived carbon/MnO_(2) composites were put forward.