数据要素如何重构全球价值链分工格局:区域化还是碎片化

How Data Elements Restructure the Global Division of Labor in Value Chains:Regionalization or Fragmentation

数据作为数字经济时代的新生产要素,已成为全球价值链重构的关键驱动力。本文在量化分析数据要素价值的基础上,基于网络分工视角,对数据要素如何影响全球价值链分工格局展开系统的理论分析和实证检验。研究结果表明:数据要素对全球价值链分工格局的影响存在两面性,但在西方国家的主导下,数据要素将推动全球价值链向着区域化的方向重构;机制分析显示,数据要素能通过驱动生产成本和贸易成本的相对变动,直接推动全球价值链重构;数据要素还能通过在资源配置、技术创新和规则制度领域的深刻变革,间接推动全球价值链重构。本研究为不同经济体在全球价值链重构背景下,共享数字经济时代发展的新机遇提供了明确的可行路径。

As a newly emerged production factor in the era of digital economy,data has become a crucial driving force for the restructuring of the global value chain.This paper,based on a quantitative analysis of the value of data elements,adopts a perspective of networked division of labor to conduct systematic theoretical analysis and empirical testing on how data elements influence the global division of labor in value chains.The research findings indicate that the impact of data elements on the global division of labor pattern has two sides.However,under the dominance of western countries,data elements are going to drive the global value chain toward regionalization.Mechanism analysis reveals that data elements directly promote the restructuring of the global value chain by driving relative changes in production costs and trade costs.Moreover,data elements indirectly facilitate the restructuring of the global value chain through profound transformations in resource allocation,technological innovation,and regulatory systems.This study provides a clear and viable pathway for different economies to share new opportunities for development in the era of the digital economy,within the context of the global value chain restructuring.