人工智能与企业出口技术复杂度提升

Artificial Intelligence and Increased Technological Complexity of Enterprise Exports

人工智能是技术进步的集中体现,是驱动经济高质量发展的重要手段。本文从理论层面揭示了人工智能影响企业出口技术复杂度的作用机制并将中国工业企业数据库、中国海关数据库与国际机器人联合会提供的工业机器人数据相匹配,实证检验了人工智能对企业出口技术复杂度的影响。研究表明:人工智能技术能够显著提升企业出口技术复杂度,该结论在替换指标测算、调整样本数据与缓解内生性后依然稳健。异质性分析发现:人工智能应用对一般贸易型企业、低融资约束行业企业、高市场化水平区域企业出口技术复杂度的提升作用更为显著。机制检验发现:人工智能可以通过促进企业创新和优化企业要素配置结构两条渠道提升出口技术复杂度。此外,全国统一大市场建设及人力资本提升对人工智能促进企业出口技术复杂度提升存在显著的正向强化效应。因此,持续推进全国统一大市场建设,促进高端要素自由流动,充分释放人力资本提升红利是强化人工智能促进企业出口技术复杂度提升,着力推动经济高质量发展的重要路径。

Artificial intelligence is a concentrated embodiment of technological progress and an important means to drive high-quality economic development.This article first reveals the mechanism through which artificial intelligence affects the technological complexity of enterprise exports at a theoretical level.Then,by matching China's industrial enterprise database,China customs database,and industrial robot data provided by the International Federation of Robotics,this paper empirically tests the impact of artificial intelligence on the technological complexity of enterprise exports.The study shows that artificial intelligence technology can significantly enhance the technological complexity of enterprise exports.This conclusion remains robust after substituting indicators,adjusting sample data,and mitigating endogeneity.Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the application of artificial intelligence has a more significant effect on enhancing the export technological complexity of general trade enterprises,industries with low financing constraints,and regions with high levels of marketization.Mechanism testing reveals that artificial intelligence is able to enhance export technological complexity through two channels:promoting enterprise innovation and optimizing enterprise factor allocation structure.In addition,the construction of a unified national market and the enhancement of human capital have a significantly positive reinforcing effect on the promotion of export technological complexity by artificial intelligence.Therefore,continuously advancing the construction of a unified national market,promoting the free flow of high-end factors,and fully unleashing the bonus of human capital enhancement are strategies to strengthen the promotion of export technological complexity by using artificial intelligence,and also are important pathways to promote a high-quality economic development.