氢基直接还原炼铁工艺的创新与实践

Technical innovation and production practice of hydrogen-based direct reduction ironmaking process

氢能是21世纪最具有发展前景的清洁能源,对富氢能源的应用也是目前中国能源结构重要的发展方向之一。在“碳中和”的大背景下,中国的钢铁行业构建了“富氢减碳”的钢铁用能新体系,该体系已然成为当今行业的重要趋势。中国山西直接还原炼铁工艺(China Shanxi Direct Reduction Iron, CSDRI)以伊朗气基还原炼铁技术PERED工艺为基础,历时十余年(2010年立项,2020年12月建成试运行),开发了具有完全知识产权的集成技术。该工艺以氧化球团为原料,以焦炉煤气为气源,生产过程完全不使用焦炭、煤炭和烧结矿,从源头减少碳素使用,有效降低污染物的产生。与传统高炉炼铁流程相比,生产成本具有一定优势,碳排放量得到显著降低,且工厂布局紧凑,用地得到大幅节约。该工艺对焦炉煤气有效利用,促进了焦化行业和炼铁行业的有机结合。详细介绍氢基直接还原炼铁工艺原理以及工厂运行情况,系统总结了CSDRI技术研发过程中的关键技术创新,论述了该工艺的系统组成和关键设备,梳理了其直接还原铁产品的生产指标。CSDRI工艺具有绿色低碳高效的特点,为中国氢基还原炼铁技术的发展提供了重要的指导方向,为中国钢铁行业转型升级、产品结构调整、提高钢铁品质探索出了一条新的路径。

Hydrogen energy is a clean energy with a broad prospect in this century,and the application of hydrogencontaining energy is also one of the important development directions of energy structure transformation.Under the requirement of"carbon neutrality"policy,China's iron and steel industry has built a new energy system of"hydrogen rich and carbon reduction",which has become the main trend of the current industry.Based on the PERED technology of Iran,China Shanxi Direct Reduction Iron(CSDRI)was developed with more than 10years(kick off in 2010and first try on December 2020)with full intellectual property rights.The process uses oxidized pellets as raw material and coke oven gas as reduction gas source,completely eliminating the use of coke,coal,and sinter,reducing carbon use from the source,and effectively reducing the generation of pollutants.Compared with traditional blast furnace ironmaking processes,production operating costs have certain advantages,and the carbon emissions have been significantly reduced.The factory layout is compact,resulting in great land savings.This process effectively utilizes coke oven gas and promotes the integration of the coking and ironmaking industries.This paper introduced the fundamental theory of CSDRI process and the plant operation conditions of the CSDRI plant.The technical innovations and product quality of the CSDRI plant are also introduced in detail.CSDRI showed the characteristics of green,low-carbon and high efficiency,and provides important guidance for the development of hydrogen based reduction ironmaking technology in China.It provides a new roadmap for the transformation and upgrading,the adjustment of product structure and the improvement of steel quality for the Chinese steel industry.