安徽省泾县2020年洪涝灾害后血吸虫病传播风险评估

Risk assessment of schistosomiasis transmission after 2020 flood disaster in Jingxian County,Anhui Province

目的 评估洪涝灾害后泾县血吸虫病传播风险,为制定精准防控策略措施提供依据。方法 2021年3—11月,调查1 026处现有钉螺环境、可疑钉螺孳生环境、历史有螺环境,分析有螺环境和复现钉螺环境的面积、数量、活螺密度、活螺框出现率,同时调查环境范围内人群活动、野粪检测和家畜血吸虫病感染情况,采取整群抽样调查血吸虫病流行区10 000名6岁以上居民血吸虫病感染情况,综合评估洪涝灾害后血吸虫病传播风险。结果 2020年7月泾县遭受洪涝灾害后,2021年有螺村增加1个,有螺环境数增加8处,有螺面积扩大4.00 hm^(2),捕获活螺33 063只,未发现阳性钉螺,活螺平均密度为0.33只/0.11 m^(2)。2020年和2021年有螺点出现率分别为30.83%和22.81%(χ^(2)=14.258,P<0.001),有螺框出现率分别为15.47%和10.53%(χ^(2)=1 063.349,P<0.001)。检测野粪20份,未检出血吸虫虫卵;采集牛粪948份,羊粪109份,未检出血吸虫虫卵;血检10 600人,阳性率1.17%,粪检人数737人,未检测出毛蚴或虫卵。结论 洪涝灾害导致钉螺扩散,虽然未发现阳性钉螺和人群感染,但增加了血吸虫病传播风险。

Objective To assess the risk of schistosomiasis transmission in Jingxian County after flood disasters,so as to provide a basis for formulating accurate prevention and control strategies and measures.Methods From March to November 2021,1026 existing oncomelania environments,suspected oncomelania breeding environments,and historical oncomelania environments were investigated.The area,number,live oncomelania density,and live oncomelania frame occurrence rate of oncomelania environments and reoccurring oncomelania environments were analyzed.The human activities,wild fecal detection,and schistosomiasis infection in domestic animals were investigated.The prevalence of schistosomiasis in 10000 residents over 6 years of age in schistosomiasis endemic areas was collected by cluster sampling to comprehensively assess the risk of schistosomiasis transmission after flood disasters.Results After the flood disaster in Jingxian County in July 2020,the number of oncomelania villages increased by 1,the number of oncomelanial environments increased by 8,and the oncomelania area increased by 4.00 hm^(2) in 2021.33063 live oncomelanias were captured,no positive oncomelanias were found,and the average density of live oncomelanias was 0.33/0.11m^(2).The incidence rate of oncomelania points in 2020 and 2021 was 30.83%and 22.81%,respectively(χ^(2)=14.258,P<0.001).The incidence of oncomelania frame was 15.47%and 10.53%,respectively(χ^(2)=1063.349,P<0.001).20 samples of wild feces were detected,no schistosome eggs were detected.948 samples of cow feces and 109 samples of sheep feces were collected,no schistosome eggs were detected.Blood tests were conducted on 10600 people,with a positive rate of 1.17%.737 people were tested for feces,but no miracidium or insect eggs were detected.Conclusion Flood disasters have led the spread of oncomelania,although no positive oncomelania or human infections have been found,it has increased the risk of schistosomiasis transmission.