年龄、时期和队列视角下中国女性的终身人工流产水平——基于1930~1969年出生队列女性的分析

Lifetime Induced Abortion of Chinese Women:An Age-Period-Cohort Analysis on the 1930-1969 Birth Cohorts

关于人工流产的研究大多从时期视角展开,缺乏生命历程视角的分析。基于中国健康与养老追踪调查(CHARLS)2014年生命历程调查数据中1930~1969年出生队列女性的终身怀孕信息展开分析,采用APC分层混合效应模型分离出影响女性终身人工流产水平的时期、队列和年龄效应。研究发现,在时期效应上,中国女性的人工流产水平呈现出波动性特征,生育政策调整和生殖健康服务发展对其有重要影响;在队列效应上,人工流产的数量选择机制和性别选择机制在不同出生队列的女性中产生分化;在年龄效应上,不同时期和不同出生队列女性的人工流产年龄模式表现出差异性和规律性。建议继续完善生殖健康服务,减少非意愿怀孕,促进性别平等,重点关注经历过人工流产的中老年女性的健康状况并提供相应支持。

Most studies on induced abortion have been conducted based on period data;an analysis from a life course perspective is needed.Based on the life course survey data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) in 2014,this paper analyzes the lifetime pregnancy information of women born in the 1930-1969 cohort.The hierarchical APC model is used to estimate the period,cohort,and age effects affecting the level of lifetime induced abortion among women.The results showed that the period effects reflected the adjustment of family planning policies and the development of reproductive health services.Regarding cohort effects,the quantity and the sex selection mechanism for induced abortion differed among women from different cohorts.The age patterns of induced abortion showed heterogeneity and regularity across women in different periods and cohorts.Future policies should improve reproductive health services,reduce unwanted pregnancies,promote gender equality,and focus on the health status of middle-aged and older women who have experienced induced abortion.