宗族文化对流动人口城市创业的影响

The Influence of Clan Culture on Urban Entrepreneurship of Migrants

以血缘和亲缘为基础的宗族文化是中国乡土社会的主要文化特征,宗族文化不仅在流出地产生深远影响,还在流入地持续影响着流动人口的行为决策。基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查(CMDS2017)数据,使用Probit模型考察宗族文化对流动人口创业的影响。研究结果表明,流出地宗族文化显著提升流动人口创业概率,其通过形成家乡社会网络和构建社会信任模式影响流动人口创业决策。进一步研究发现,宗族文化促进流动人口选择生存型创业,但是会损害机会型创业者的创业效果,城市正式制度可以在一定程度上替代宗族文化的作用。应利用家乡网络社会组织平台,构建超越宗族内部信任的一般信任文化,积极探索建立中国传统文化和正式制度优势互补的作用机制,帮助流动人口进城创业并实现创业效果。

Clan culture,based on blood and kinship,is a major cultural feature of Chinese vernacular society.Clan culture not only has far-reaching effects at origin,but also continues to affect behavioral decision-making among migrants at destination.Based on the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey(CMDS2017) data,the Probit model regression shows that the clan culture at origin significantly promotes migrants to make entrepreneurial choices.The mechanism analysis shows that clan culture has an impact on migrants' entrepreneurial choices through the formation of a hometown social network and social trust.Further research finds that clan culture promotes the choice of survival-oriented entrepreneurship among migrants,but is detrimental to the entrepreneurial effect of opportunity-oriented entrepreneurs,and that the urban formal system can replace the influence of clan culture on entrepreneurship.The policy implication of this study is that efforts should be made to use the hometown network social organization platform,build a general trust culture that goes beyond intra-clan trust,as well as actively explore the establishment of traditional Chinese culture and formal system complementary role mechanisms to help migrants start businesses and achieve entrepreneurial effects in the cities.