铜集流体在碱金属电池中的应用及研究进展

Application and Research Progress of Copper Current Collector in Alkali Metal Batteries

碱金属(Li和Na)电池的高比容量、高能量密度和低电位使其成为未来储能设备的重要候选之一,但其本身存在严重的枝晶生长问题,导致库伦效率低、电池寿命短,甚至会造成电池短路发热,引起事故。集流体作为电极材料的支撑基底和连通内外电子通路的部件,占据了电池大部分的体积和质量,影响电池的能量密度。本文介绍了铜集流体在金属电池中存在的问题及其产生原因,并讨论了近年来针对铜集流体的改性方法,目前常见的改性方法是集流体表面改性和结构化改性,两种方法都能很好解决枝晶生长问题。最后对铜集流体改性方法进行了总结,并对其未来研究方向进行了展望。

The high specific capacity,high energy density and low potential of alkali metal(Li and Na)batteries make them one of the important candidates for future energy storage devices,but they inherently suffer from serious dendrite growth problems,which leads to low Coulombic efficiency,short cell life and even short-circuiting and heating of the cells to cause accidents.The collector,as the supporting substrate of the electrode material and the component connecting the internal and external electron pathways,occupies a large portion of the volume and mass in the battery,which affects the energy density of the battery.The common modification methods are surface modification of the collector and structural modification,both of which can well solve the dendrite growth problem.This review introduced the problems of copper collectors in metal cells and their causes,and discussed the modification methods for copper collectors in recent years,and concluded with a summary and an outlook on future research directions.