改革开放以来中国农业农村信息化发展的历程、成就与经验启示

The Practical Course and Experience Enlightenment of Agricultural and Rural Informatization in China Since the Reform and Opening-up

农业农村信息化是国家信息化发展战略的重要组成部分,承载着加快推进农业农村现代化、建设社会主义现代化农业强国的重大历史使命。改革开放以来,中国农业农村信息化建设经历了应用起步、组织建构、体系建设和全面提速四个阶段,并取得重大历史成就:建成全球规模最大的农村通信网络和综合信息服务体系,农业生产由机械化自动化迈向数字化智慧化新阶段、电子商务实现跨越式发展、农村基层治理和公共服务数字化水平显著提升、网络扶贫助力脱贫攻坚全面胜利,城乡融合发展格局加快形成。中国农业农村信息化发展的实践历程不仅反映了信息化发展的一般规律,同时也体现出鲜明的中国特色。中国之所以能克服小农生产方式和城乡二元分割体制的制约,在农业农村信息化发展中取得历史性成就,主要有三方面的经验启示:与时俱进的发展理念奠定了必要认知基础;中国特色社会主义制度提供了强大制度保障;中国数字经济的规模与结构优势提供了有利市场环境。

Agricultural and rural informatization is an important part of the national informatization development strategy,bearing the important historical mission of accelerating agricultural and rural modernization and building a socialist modern agricultural power.Since the reform and opening-up,China's agricultural and rural informatization construction has gone through four stages:application start,organization construction,system construction and overall acceleration,and made significant historical achievements,building the world's largest rural communication network and comprehensive information service system,moving agricultural production from mechanization and automation to a new stage of digital and intelligent development,achieving leapfrog development of e-commerce,significantly improving the digital level of rural grassroots governance and public services,achieving comprehensive victory in poverty alleviation through online poverty alleviation,and accelerating the formation of a pattern of urban-rural integration development.The practical process of China's agricultural and rural informatization development not only reflected the general laws of informatization development,but also reflected distinct Chinese characteristics.The reason why China could overcome the constraints and challenges of small-scale farmers and the dual urban-rural division system,and achieve historic achievements in the development of agricultural and rural informatization,mainly laid in three aspects of experience and inspiration:the development concept of keeping up with the times laid a necessary cognitive foundation,the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system provided a strong institutional guarantee,and the scale and structural advantages of China's digital economy provided a favorable market inspiration.