新诗声音的变革与重构

The Revolution and Reconstruction of the Sound of New Poetry

新诗声音是一个包括了新诗音乐性,不完全等同于新诗音乐性问题的概念。传统诗歌的歌性特征在新诗变革中发生了现代性转变。新诗倡导的文言合一、诗文合一,就是主张用说话的声音,按照自然的音节,用白话口语写自由的诗,替代适合歌吟的文言格律诗。现代诗歌的声音,强调语言与意义融合,是一种蕴含于思想之中的声音,把传统诗歌形式化的声音变为自由活泼的有生命的声音。诗歌的声音感受既是一种身体的感官活动,也是一种由意识参与的综合感官审美体验。诗歌声音的感官功能首先是诗歌语言的声韵作用,这种声韵包括文字的语音、语气、语调、词汇组合、语义结构等方面的声韵因素;其次,常常通过视觉作用转化为听官的感觉,作用于心官的体验,在现代诗歌中大量通过意象的象征化表现,呈现为一种混沌的虚实相生的混响。现代节奏是新诗声音的核心元素,一种在变化中有一定规律重复的开放性多元化节奏,是构成现代诗歌声音最重要的美学机制。现代节奏多元化形态中,最值得关注的是自然的音节节奏、变化统一的对称节奏、分行建构的视觉节奏。现代诗歌变化的多样性节奏,从时间意义上让诗歌的声音与意义获得或停延、或呼应、或回响等表达的效果。

The songful character of traditional poetry underwent a modern transformation into the new poetry.The sound of modern poetry,emphasizing the fusion of language and meaning,is a voice embedded in thought that turns the formalized sound of traditional poetry into a free and lively living voice.The feeling of poetic sound is both a physical sensory activity and a comprehensive sensory aesthetic experience involving consciousness.The sensory function of poetic sound is firstly the acoustic effect of poetic rhyme,which includes the acoustic factors of pronunciation,tone,intonation,lexical combination,semantic structure and so on.Secondly,it is often transformed into the feeling of aural sense through visual effect,and thus acts on the experience of the heart senses,and is presented as a mixed reverberation of the interaction between virtuality and reality through the symbolic performance of the imagery in a large number of modern poems.Modern rhythm is the core element of the sound of new poetry,an open and diversified rhythm with certain regular repetitions in changes,which is the most important aesthetic mechanism of modern poetic sound.