阿甘本生命政治学的历史唯物主义批判

A Historical Materialism Critique of Agamben's Biopolitics

马克思、恩格斯从意识形态和政治经济学双重角度,批判了资本及其政治代表国家对于无产阶级生命、身体的压榨,揭露了无产阶级个人及其家庭居住和生存条件无比悲惨的状况,指明了无产阶级解放的路径,构建了认识世界和改造世界的唯物史观。其基本原则是认识和对话阿甘本生命政治学的根本立场、基本原理和方法。阿甘本的生命政治学揭示了一个政治对人生命直接操控的显性视窗,同时也打开了一个资本权力对人生命间接操控的隐性视野。在一定向度上,阿甘本生命政治学开辟了新的研究视野,也在一定意义上使得历史唯物主义的研究视域有了新的增长点。但是,阿甘本生命政治学远离了政治经济学-历史批判传统,不能阐明生命政治问题的成因、本质与趋势,存在着资本创新逻辑视域的缺失,需要在坚持历史唯物主义基本原则的前提下对其做深度的认知、反思和批判。在当下中国,审视阿甘本生命政治学有利于深化对党和国家提出依法规范、引导资本健康发展的政治认同,有利于深化对党和国家“人民至上生命至上”执政理念的政治认同。

Marx and Engels criticized the exploitation of the proletariat's life and body by capital and its political representative,the state,from both the perspective of ideology and political economy.They exposed the extremely miserable living conditions of the proletariat and their families,and pointed out the path to their liberation,thus constructing a historical materialist perspective for understanding and transforming the world.The fundamental principles for our understanding and dialogue with Agamben's biopolitics are based on the basic stance,principles,and methods of Marxism.Agamben's biopolitics reveals an explicit window of political control over human life,while at the same time opening up a hidden view of the indirect control of human life by capital power.To a certain extent,Agamben's biopolitics opens up a new research perspective and provides a new growth point for the study of historical materialism.However,it departs from the tradition of political economy and historical critique,and cannot explain the causes,essence,and trends of biopolitics,and there also exists a lack of perspectives on capital innovation logic.Therefore,it is necessary to have a deep understanding,reflection,and critique of it while adhering to the fundamental principles of historical materialism.Examining Agamben's biopolitics in present-day China can help deepen our political identification with the Party and the country's call for law-based regulation and guidance for the healthy development of capital,and also the country's governance philosophy of"putting the people first and valuing life".