全面抗战时期后方中小学“师荒”问题述论

On the Problem of the"Shortage of Teachers"in Primary and Secondary Schools in the Home Front during the Total Resistance Against Japanese Aggression

全面抗战时期,受战争波及、后方各项建设勃兴及战前中小学师资培养与储备严重不足等因素的影响,后方省份一些中小学教员改业他就,导致在初等教育和中等教育领域发生了比较严重的“师荒”现象。在社会各界呼吁下,从1940年下半年开始,教育部采取和实施了一系列针对性的政策与措施,如颁布有关中小学教员待遇的法规,逐步提高其薪给、生活补助与米谷等物质待遇;创立师范学院制度与师范专科学校制度,大力发展各级师范教育;开展“师范教育运动周”活动,提高师范生生活待遇,并鼓励他们延长服务年限;表彰奖励优良中小学教师。这些措施部分缓解了战时中小学“师荒”问题,但由于教育投入的不足、各地财力有限、各师范院校毕业生较少等因素的制约,“师荒”问题并未能从根本上得到解决。

During the total resistance against Japanese aggression,the impact of the war,the flourishing of various constructions in the home front,the serious shortage of teacher training and reserves in primary and secondary schools before the war and some teachers in the home-front provinces who changed jobs resulted in the serious"shortage of teachers"in the field of primary and secondary education.Under the appeal of all circles of society,starting from the second half of 1940,the Ministry of Education adopted and implemented a series of targeted policies and measures as follows:it issued some regulations on the treatment of primary and secondary school teachers,gradually increasing their salaries,living allowances,rice and material benefits;it established the system of teacher training colleges,vigorously developing teacher education at all levels;it launched the"Normal Education Movement Week"activity to improve the living standards of normal students and encourage them to extend their service years;it commended and rewarded excellent primary and secondary school teachers.These measures partly alleviate the problem of the"shortage of teachers"in primary and secondary schools during the war,but due to the lack of the education investment,the limited financial resources of various regions and the lack of graduates from various normal colleges and universities,the problem of the"shortage of teachers"had not been fundamentally solved.