格莱斯隐喻理论流脉:回眸与展望

On Grice’s Metaphor Theory Vein: Review and Prospects

文章首先回顾了语用学奠基人之一的格莱斯于1975年发表的《逻辑与会话》一文中关于合作原则和会话隐含的主要观点,然后探讨了其从会话隐含视角对隐喻的学术判断,凝练出格莱斯隐喻理论,接着梳理了后继学者对该隐喻理论的评价与验证,最后对未来研究予以展望。研究发现,格莱斯基于强势的学者直觉认定隐喻理解涉及二阶心智理论,范畴错置隐喻理解关乎一次二阶心智理论,而非范畴错置隐喻理解牵涉两次二阶心智理论。一些实验心理学家与实验哲学家关于隐喻理解测试的实验结果并未削弱格莱斯隐喻理论的可信度。未来应当设计更为合理的隐喻理解测试实验来验证该理论,同时开展跨语言、跨文化维度的相关研究对其进行修正、发展和完善。

This paper reviews the main views on cooperative principles and conversational implicatures in Grice’s groundbreaking Logic and Conversation published in 1975,then discusses its judgment of metaphors from the perspective of conversational implicatures,puts forward Grice’s Metaphor Theory,combs the evaluation and verification of this theory by later researchers,and finally envisions its ensuing research.Based upon his preeminent scholarly intuition,Grice proposes that metaphor understanding involves second-order mental theory.The understanding of categorically false metaphor utilizes second-order mental theory for once,and non-categorially false metaphor employs second-order mental theory for twice.The experimental results of some experimental psychologists and philosophers on metaphor understanding do not sabotage the credibility of Grice’s Metaphor Theory.Future studies should design more reasonable metaphor understanding test experiments to verify the theory,conduct cross-language and cross-cultural research for the sake of its revision,development and perfection.