基于阻燃离子凝胶电解质的高安全性柔性超级电容器

Development of flame-retardant ion-gel electrolytes for safe and flexible supercapacitors

在传统的超级电容器中,有机电解质的存在导致其安全性和灵活性能差,限制了超级电容器的发展和应用.因此,我们开发了一种简易制备的具有强阻燃性、热稳定性、灵活性和电化学特性的离子凝胶超级电容器.具体来说,通过在电极上使用离子凝胶电解质的原位交联,获得了具有优良性能的离子凝胶超级电容器.在离子凝胶电解质中引入大量含醚的柔性链段后,其室温电导率可以高达6.5×10^(−3)S cm^(−1).同时,原位交联的制备方法使电解质和电极之间具有紧密的界面接触.由于该离子凝胶电解质具有紧密的电极/电解质界面接触和良好的机械特性,使其在弯曲时保持了稳定的电化学性能.此外,在交联的电解质中加入二氮杂萘结构为离子凝胶电解质提供了良好的阻燃性和热稳定性,使其能够在150℃下保持30分钟的尺寸稳定性.使用离子凝胶电解质制备的超级电容器的比容量为105 F g^(-1),能量密度为41.6 W h kg^(-1).这项工作为制备和优化离子凝胶交联电解质提供了一种实用方法和新的见解.

The presence of organic electrolytes in typical liquid supercapacitors ultimately results in inadequate safety and poor flexibility,which limits the development and application of supercapacitors.Thus,we developed an easy-toprepare ion-gel supercapacitor with strong flame-retardant properties,thermal stability,flexibility,and good electrochemical characteristics.Specifically,this ion-gel supercapacitor provides excellent performance by using the in situ cross-linking of ion-gel electrolytes on electrodes.The introduction of ether-containing flexible chain segments to the ion-gel electrolyte results in a high ionic conductivity(6.5×10^(−3)S cmg^(−1))at an ambient temperature,and the in situ crosslinking results in a tight interfacial contact between the electrolyte and electrode.The ion-gel supercapacitor retains a stable electrochemical performance while bending due to the tight interfacial contact and excellent mechanical characteristics.Furthermore,incorporating the diazonaphthone structure in the cross-linked electrolyte renders the ion-gel electrolyte excellent flame-retardant properties and thermal stability,allowing it to sustain dimensional stability at 150°C for 30 min.The supercapacitor with the optimized ion-gel electrolyte has a specific capacity of 105 F g^(-1)and an energy density of 41.6 W h kg^(-1).The results of this study provide a practical method for preparing and optimizing ion-gel crosslinked electrolytes.