生物炭添加对土壤温室气体排放影响的长短期效应研究进展

Review on the Long-term and Short-term Effects of Biochar Addition on Soil Greenhouse Gas Emissions

人类活动引起的大气温室气体浓度增加是气候变暖的主要原因,全球变暖已经成为了当今人类社会所面临的严峻挑战,应对气候变暖的关键是减少温室气体排放和增加生态系统碳汇,由于生物炭特有的理化和生物学特性,将其施入土壤被认为是一种有前景的减排增汇措施.因此进行生物炭对土壤温室气体排放的影响研究对于减缓温室效应和实现“碳中和”具有重要意义.通过综述生物炭对土壤温室气体排放影响的长短期效应及其影响机制,发现生物炭添加对土壤温室气体排放的影响因生物炭原料类型、热解温度、添加量、土壤和植被类型的不同而不同.此外,因老化时间、老化方式和培养方法的不同,老化生物炭对土壤温室气体的减排效应可能增强或减弱甚至消失.同时,在总结现有研究不足的基础上,对未来生物炭影响土壤温室气体排放研究的方向和重点进行了分析和展望,提出了今后应加强CO_(2)、N_(2)O和CH_(4)排放影响的同步研究、减排与固碳效应的同步研究、不同老化方式生物炭和不同培养方法的联合研究和利用^(13) C和^(15) N示踪技术从过程层次上揭示影响机制.

Increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere caused by human activities are the main cause of climate warming.Global warming is a severe challenge confronted by human society today.Reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing carbon sinks are the keys to addressing climate warming.Biochar addition is considered to be a promising way to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and increase carbon sinks,due to its unique physical,chemical,and biological properties.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the effects of biochar on soil greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate the greenhouse effect and achieve“carbon neutrality.”The long-term and short-term effects of biochar on soil greenhouse gas emissions and their influencing mechanism were reviewed.It was found that the effects of biochar on soil greenhouse gas emissions varied with the types of biochar feedstock,pyrolysis temperature,application ratio,and soil and vegetable types.In addition,due to the different aging times and modes and cultivation methods,the mitigation effect of aged biochar on soil greenhouse gas could be enhanced or weakened or even disappeared.Further,based on the deficiencies of the previous research,the direction and focus of future research on the effects of biochar on soil greenhouse gas emissions were analyzed and prospected.It was proposed to strengthen simultaneous research on the effects of biochar on CO_(2),N_(2)O,and CH_(4) emissions;reducing greenhouse gas emissions and carbon sequestration;different aging modes and cultivation methods of biochar;and revealing the influencing mechanism at the process level,through exploring the effects of biochar on soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics and tracing the source of greenhouse gases using ^(13) C and ^(15) N tracer technology.