流动力与粘滞性:川藏公路道路旅行的空间实践

Motility and viscosity: Spatial practices of road travel onSichuan-Tibet Highway

以川藏公路旅行为代表的道路旅行成为备受关注的非制度化和后现代旅行方式,其长时间、大尺度的流动实践与一般大众旅游有着较大不同,对更为关注目的地的传统旅游研究提出了挑战。本研究以川藏公路为案例地,采用流动民族志和多点民族志方法,基于流动性理论视角整合构建“流动力-粘滞性”框架,探索川藏公路道路旅行的空间实践过程及其形成机制。研究发现,川藏公路道路旅行的流动实践是旅行者通过协调其流动力的可达性、能力与应用等关键要素的结果;其静止实践则主要受到道路空间的障碍粘滞性、景观粘滞性和关系粘滞性影响,并表现出多种形式和实践意义。“流动-静止-再流动”的交替循环构成了道路旅行流动模式的共性结构,但同时表现出复杂性和多变性。旅行者流动力与道路粘滞性的相互作用塑造了其多元目的与表征的流动/静止实践,以及二者的相互转化。研究揭示了道路空间与旅行者的互动关系及其对旅游流动实践的重要意义,以动态视角反思旅游研究对旅游通道与旅途的认识。

Road travel,represented by Sichuan-Tibet Highway trip,has become a popular noninstitutionalized and post-modern travel method.Road travel is very different from the general mass tourism because of its long-term and large-scale mobility practice,which poses a challenge to the traditional tourism research that focuses more on tourism destination.Taking Sichuan-Tibet Highway as a case,this study adopted the method of mobile ethnography and integrated the framework of“motility-viscosity”based on the perspective of mobility theory to explore the spatial practices and formation mechanism of road travel on the Sichuan-Tibet Highway.The study found that,on the one hand,the mobility practices of Sichuan-Tibet Highway road travel are the result of travelers'coordination of the key elements of their motility,including“access”,“competence”and“appropriation”.In this process,the SichuanTibet Highway not only assumes the function of a channel,but also influences the mobility practices and experience of travelers by multiple materialities.Road travel mobilities are comprehensive skill practices involving multiple mobility technologies such as automobiles,bicycles and so on,which not only enable the traveler's body to move through space,but also shape the rhythm of movement and the way how specific places and landscapes are perceived and experienced.In addition,for long-term travel in large-scale spaces,travelers'planning and mobility willingness are crucial to determine whether the travel can be completed.On the other hand,the mooring practices are mainly affected by the“obstacle viscosity”,“landscape viscosity”and“relationship viscosity”of the road,and present a variety of forms and practical significance.This expands our understanding of the moorings during travel.Moorings are not necessarily negative.The alternating cycle of“mobility,mooring and re-mobility”constitutes the common structure of road travel pattern,but it also shows complexity and variability.The interaction between a traveler's mobility dynamics and road viscosity provides an explanation for the occurrence mechanism of the traveler's spatial practices-road viscosity respectively acts on different and key factors of motility,thus shaping the diverse purposes and representation of mobility/mooring practices and their mutual transformation.This study innovatively integrated the analysis framework of“motility-viscosity”,expanding the concept connotation of“viscosity”and trying to build the interactive relationship between the two,which is a breakthrough attempt comparing to the use of a single concept in analyzing mobility practice in the past.The study revealed the interactive relationship between road space and travelers and its significance to the tourism mobility practices.It reflected on the understanding of travel channels and journey in tourism research from a dynamic perspective.