基于多重反转录聚合酶链反应和毛细电泳分析法的儿童常见13种呼吸道病原体流行特征分析

Analysis of epidemic characteristics of 13 common respiratory pathogens in children based on multiple reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis

目的基于毛细电泳多重RT-PCR法探讨宁波地区儿童常见13种呼吸道病原体的流行特征。方法收集2019年7月—2022年6月因急性呼吸道感染就诊的25686例29 d~14岁患儿咽拭子或痰液标本,采用多重PCR与毛细电泳联用技术检测13种常见病原体,并使用SPSS和Joinpoint回归模型对数据进行统计分析。结果25686例患儿呼吸道病原体检出率为55.64%(13749/24711)。检出率前3是HRV(22.69%)、HRSV(9.58%)和Mp(7.97%),H1N1检出率最低,仅43例(0.17%)。不同年龄组间13种呼吸道病原体的检出率,除H1N1外,差异均有统计学意义(Ρ<0.05)。不同季节呼吸道病原体总检出率差异有统计学意义(Ρ<0.05);以秋季检出率最高(56.94%,2571/4515)。13种呼吸道病原体中Boca、Ch、HCoV、HMPV、HPIV、HRV、HRSV、FluB和Mp有季节差异性(Ρ<0.05)。HADV、FluA、H1N1和H3N2无季节差异性(Ρ>0.05)。通过Joinpoint回归分析可得到各病原体总体流行趋势和趋势拐点,并得到13种呼吸道病原体月度变化百分比(monthly percent change,MPC)。结论宁波地区呼吸道病原体以鼻病毒检出率最高,呼吸道病原体的感染与年龄、季节有关。

Objective This paper aims to investigate the epidemiological characteristics of 13 common respiratory pathogens in children in Ningbo based on capillary electrophoresis multiplex RT-PCR.Methods Throat swabs or sputum samples were collected from 25686 children aged 29 d to 14 y with acute respiratory tract infection from July 2019 to June 2022.Multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis were used to detect 13 common pathogens.SPSS and Joinpoint regression model were used to analyze the data.Results The detection rate of respiratory pathogens in 25686 children was 55.64%(13749/24711).The top three detection rates were observed in HRV(22.69%),HRSV(9.58%)and Mp(7.97%).The detection rate of H1N1 was the lowest in only 43 cases(0.17%).There is statistical significance on the differences in the detection rates of 13 respiratory pathogens among different age groups,except for H1N1(P<0.05).The total detection rate of respiratory pathogens from different seasons has statistical significance(Ρ<0.05).The detection rate was the highest in autumn(56.94%,2571/4515).Seasonal differences of Boca,Ch,HCoV,HMPV,HPIV,HRV,HRSV,FluB,and Mp were observed in 13 respiratory pathogens(Ρ<0.05).HADV,FluA,H1N1 and H3N2 had no significant seasonal differences(Ρ>0.05).The overall epidemic trend and trend inflection point of each pathogen can be obviously obtained by Joinpoint regression analysis,and the monthly percentage change of 13 respiratory pathogens was obtained.Conclusion Rhinovirus was the most common respiratory pathogen in Ningbo.The infection of respiratory pathogens is related to age and season.