临床实验室不同肺炎支原体检测方法学的效能评价

Efficacy evaluation of different methods for detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in clinical laboratory

目的分析临床实验室多种常用检测方法在肺炎支原体(MP)检测方面的优劣及应用评价。方法收集南阳市中心医院2021年10月—2022年3月住院发热患儿,经临床儿科医生诊疗疑似MP感染,采集外周静脉血、痰液和肺泡灌洗液标本,通过间接免疫荧光法、磁微粒法、胶体金法、一代测序法和实时荧光定量(RT-PCR)进行检测,选择卡方检验分析比较不同检测方法对MP检测结果的优劣。结果与磁微粒法和胶体金法比较,间接免疫荧光法检测MP-IgM抗体具有较高敏感度(P<0.05)。在检测MP-DNA方面,肺泡灌洗液优于痰液(P<0.05),毛细管电泳测序法与RT-PCR法在方法学检测优势方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在检测MP阳性率方面,间接免疫荧光法优于测序法(P<0.05)。结论临床实验室检测MP方面,间接免疫荧光法检测MP-IgM和RT-PCR法检测MP-DNA具有显著优势,推荐两者联合检测,进而排除干扰因素对检测结果造成的影响,为临床提供准确的检测结果。

Objective This paper aims to analyze the advantages,disadvantages and application evaluation of common clinical detection methods in the detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP).Methods Children with fever hospitalized in Nanyang Central Hospital from October 2021 to March 2022 were collected and diagnosed with suspected MP infection.Sputum,alveolar lavage fluid and peripheral venous blood samples were collected for detection by indirect immunofluorescence(IIF),magnetic particle method,colloidal gold method,first-generation sequencing and Real-time PCR.Chi-square test was selected to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different detection methods on MP detection results.Results Compared with magnetic particle method and colloidal gold method,IIF had high sensitivity in detecting MP-IgM(P<0.05).In detecting MP-DNA,alveolar lavage fluid was better than sputum;However,there was no statistical significance on the difference between Capillary electrophoresis sequencing and RT-PCR(P>0.05).IIF was better than sequencing in detecting MP(P<0.05).Conclusion In terms of detection methodology,IIF for detecting MP-IgM and RT-PCR method for detecting MP-DNA were better than other methods,it is recommended to combine the two tests to eliminate the influence of interfering factors on the test results and provide accurate test results for clinical practice.