方言接触与区域类型的形成——以陕南[?]类韵方言为例

Dialect Contact and the Formation of Regional Types:A Case of TypeDialect of Southern Shaanxi

[ч]类韵指知系合口与见系合口三四等字混同的现象。陕南[ч]类韵方言依成因不同可分为迁入型和接触型两种,迁入型为清乾嘉年间由鄂皖迁入陕南的江淮官话和赣语,接触型为迁入型[ч]类韵方言与陕南中原及西南官话进一步接触融合形成。文章以陕南[ч]类韵方言为例,讨论了迁入型和接触型[ч]类韵的形成机制,说明空间迁徙和方言接触在区域类型分布和形成中的作用,揭示出跨区域的方言类型的相似为历史上移民空间迁徙的结果,同区域方言类型的相似为不同方言接触转用的结果。

Type[ч]is the mingling similarities of hekou Zhi set and Jian set at the third or fourth division and the one in southern Shaanxi can be divided into two according to different causes,immigration type and contact type.The immigration type is Jianghuai Mandarin and Dialect Gan that moved into southern Shaanxi from Hubei,Anhui and Hunan during the reign of Qianjia in Qing Dynasty,and the contact type is formed by further contact and superposition between the immigration type and the Zhongyuan Mandarin or Southwestern Mandarin in southern Shanxi.Taking Type[ч]in southern Shanxi as an example,this paper analyzes the mechanism of immigration type and contact type,and explains the importance of spatial migration and dialect contact in the distribution and formation of regional types,and it is concluded that the similarity of cross regional dialect types is the result of historical immigrant spatial migration,while the similarity of dialect types in the same region is the result of different dialect contact and conversion.