失语的远古大陆不再喑哑--论德布林小说《山、海和巨人》的非洲主题

The Aphasic Ancient Continent is no Longer Mute:On the Africa-Theme in D blin’s Novel Berge Meere und Giganten

“非洲”是《山、海和巨人》里一个不容忽视的核心话题。1920年代的德国文坛上,德布林属于最早一批发掘非洲主题和发现非洲革命价值的先锋派作家。他预见到后殖民主义时代非洲文化及文学将发挥巨大的潜力,于是大量引用与非洲相关的游记、民族志、神话、歌曲等文学作品,以增强这部异域色彩浓厚的未来小说的真实感。在该作描绘的未来世界里,非洲除了文化影响力之外,更肩负着左右世界历史进程的革命重担。只不过在作者看来,这股巨大的反抗力量并非从非洲辐射到世界其他地区,而是由非洲移民的混血后裔在欧洲内部积聚起来的。德布林在《山、海和巨人》里对非洲主题的驾驭离不开他对两次世界大战期间德国地缘政治学理论的接受和反思,他将其改造为非右翼色彩的文化地理视角,借以观照并重估这一地理板块的地缘政治价值。

“Africa” is a central topic in Berge Meere Giganten that cannot be ignored. In the German literary world in the 1920s, D blin was one of the pioneering avant-garde writers who explored Africa-theme and discovered the revolutionary value of Africa. Anticipating the bloundless potential of African culture and literature in the post-colonial era, he quoted a large number of African-related travel notes, ethnography, myths, and songs, etc., in order to enhance the authenticity of this exotic “Zukunftsroman”, or “novel of the future”. In the future world he depicted in the work, Africa, in addition to its cultural influence, also shouldered the revolutionary burden of influencing the course of world history. However, according to D blin’s perspective, this huge resistance force did not directly burst out from Africa and then radiated to other parts of the world. Instead, it accumulated within Europe, originating from the mixed-race descendants of African immigrants who had looked up to Western culture in the early days. This article uses the theory of political geography to analyze the Africa-theme in the geopolitical novel Berge Meere und Giganten , revealing the culture-geographic perspective of the author when he observed Africa, an ancient aphasic continent, and illuminates his reassessment of the geopolitical value of a geographic sector. D blin’s mastery of the Africa-theme in Berge Meere und Giganten was inseparable from his acceptance and reflection of the German Geopolitics theory during the two World Wars. He transformed it into a cultural geographical perspective without right-wing color to observe and re-evaluate the geopolitical value of this geographical realm.