全球南方视角下的性别与发展范式转型与实践路径

Global South Perspectives on Paradigm Shift and New Pathways for Gender and Development

性别研究兼具学术与行动导向,起源于西方女性主义思潮的性别与发展范式为促进性别平等的发展干预项目提供了明确的理论路径和实践指导,在发展过程中逐步呈现出规范、成熟和多元的特点。但随着全球发展格局的变化,以社会性别主流化为主导的性别与发展范式在发展实践中遭遇批判。尽管传统援助国对性别平等方面的投入不断增加,但促进受援国性别平等方面的效果有限。通过分析以往性别(妇女)与发展范式转型过程,并立足于南方国家的实际需求,可构建一个符合全球南方国家妇女发展条件、以妇女为中心、优先与伙伴国政府和妇女组织合作促进妇女经济地位提高(WEGO)的性别与发展实践路径。需要指出的是,该路径并不否认以往性别(妇女)与发展范式的理论价值,而是在剖析其在指导性别与发展实践方面局限性的基础上,探索了一条通过南南合作促进性别平等的有效路径,以期为提升新时代中国国际发展合作在促进全球妇女发展方面的有效性提供借鉴。

Gender studies combine academic and action-oriented approaches.The gender and development paradigm originating from Western feminist thinking provides clear theoretical frameworks and practical guidance for promoting gender equality in development interventions.In the development process,it has gradually shown normative,mature and diverse characteristics.However,with changes in the global development landscape,the gender mainstreaming-dominated gender and development paradigm has encountered challenges and criticisms when meeting the realities in the Global South.Despite increased investments in gender equality by traditional donors,the positive effects in promoting gender equality in recipient countries remain limited.By analyzing the transformation process of past gender(women)and development paradigms,and focusing on the actual needs of countries in the Global South,a new gender and development pathway-WEGO-is constructed,which targets woman,prioritize cooperation with partner country governments and women’s organizations to improve women’s economic status.It should be noted that this pathway does not deny the theoretical value of past gender(women)and development paradigms,but to explore effectively promoting gender equality through South-South cooperation based on the limitations of previous paradigms,with the hope to provide references for enhancing the effectiveness of China’s international development cooperation in promoting women development in global scale.