用人单位防治职场性骚扰义务及其制度构建

Employers’Obligation to Prevent and Control Workplace Sexual Harassment and Its System Construction

职场性骚扰是发生于职场关系且侵害劳动者的劳动权益和用人单位用工管理权的行为。我国《民法典》对有关单位防治性骚扰义务的法定化确认,可以理解成对用人单位科以民事责任的规范依据。职场性骚扰侵害的客体是复杂客体,既包括人格尊严,也包括劳动法意义上的平等就业权和劳动安全卫生权。但劳动法规范中尚未配套相应制度,易造成劳动争议中的法律适用难题。在《民法典》实施背景下,应在劳动法制度领域细化职场性骚扰规制的条款,将防治义务落实转化,建立社会组织参与职场性骚扰防治工作实施机制,充分发挥工会组织等的监督和保障作用,同时,还要完善劳动权益救济保障机制与多元救济渠道和举证责任分配规则,强化程序保障。

Workplace sexual harassment is an act that occurs at workplace and infringes upon the labor rights and interests of workers and the employer’s employment management rights.Our country’s Civil Code legally confirms the obligation of relevant units to prevent and control sexual harassment,which can be understood as a normative basis for employers to impose civil liability.The object of workplace sexual harassment is a complex one,which includes both personal dignity and equal employment rights and labor safety and health rights in the sense of labor law.However,there is no corresponding system in the labor law norm,which is easy to cause difficulties in the application of law in labor disputes.In the context of the implementation of the Civil Code,the provisions on workplace sexual harassment regulation should be refined in the field of labor law systems,the implementation and transformation of prevention and control obligations,the establishment of an implementation mechanism for social organizations to participate in workplace sexual harassment prevention and control,and give full play to the supervision and guarantee role of trade union organizations.At the same time,it is necessary to improve the labor rights relief and protection mechanism,multiple relief channels and rules for the distribution of burden of proof,and strengthen procedural guarantees.